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Fine particulate matter exposure and olfactory dysfunction among urban-dwelling older US adults.
Environmental Research 2016 November
OBJECTIVES: The olfactory nerve is anatomically susceptible to injury from pollution in inspired air, but there are no large-scale epidemiologic studies investigating this relationship.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a representative sample of home-dwelling US adults age 57-85 years. Olfactory function was tested using a validated 5-item odor identification test (Sniffin' Sticks). Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) at each respondent's home was estimated as 1-12 month moving averages prior to olfactory assessment using validated spatio-temporal models.
RESULTS: Olfactory dysfunction was significantly associated with PM2.5 exposures averaged over 3-12 months in urban-dwelling respondents. The strongest effect was for 6 month average exposure (per 1-IQR increase in PM2.5 : OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05, 1.55) adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, cognition, comorbidity, smoking, and the season. Interestingly, the most deleterious effects were observed among the youngest respondents, 57-64 years old, and those living in the northeast and south.
CONCLUSIONS: We show for the first time that air pollution exposure is associated with poor olfaction among urban-living, older US adults.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a representative sample of home-dwelling US adults age 57-85 years. Olfactory function was tested using a validated 5-item odor identification test (Sniffin' Sticks). Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) at each respondent's home was estimated as 1-12 month moving averages prior to olfactory assessment using validated spatio-temporal models.
RESULTS: Olfactory dysfunction was significantly associated with PM2.5 exposures averaged over 3-12 months in urban-dwelling respondents. The strongest effect was for 6 month average exposure (per 1-IQR increase in PM2.5 : OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05, 1.55) adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, cognition, comorbidity, smoking, and the season. Interestingly, the most deleterious effects were observed among the youngest respondents, 57-64 years old, and those living in the northeast and south.
CONCLUSIONS: We show for the first time that air pollution exposure is associated with poor olfaction among urban-living, older US adults.
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