The role of odors and ultrasonic vocalizations in female rat (Rattus norvegicus) partner choice.

Intrasexual competition for access to a female mate is believed to be unusual in wild male rats, which suggests that female choosiness could be more important. It has been shown that females spend more time with one male than with others when tested in a multiple partner paradigm. The male of first entry is visited most. The role of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and male odors in the female rat's initial choice to approach one male instead of another are studied in these experiments. In Experiment 1, female rats were allowed to choose between 3 different intact males, whereas in Experiment 2, females could choose between a devocalized male and 2 intact males. Both experiments started with a 15-min period with inaccessible males followed by a 15-min period with accessible males in which the female could copulate with the males of her choice. The results showed that female rats spent more time with the male of first entry over the males visited subsequently. No differences were found in USV subtype patterns emitted by the different males or the time spent sniffing the different males in the period preceding the choice. In addition, the results of Experiment 2 showed that females visited the silent males as much as the vocalizing males. Thus, the present experiments did not offer any evidence suggesting that USVs or individual differences in male odors play any role in female mate choice. Other factors that were not investigated in this study might be involved in female rat mate selection, but it should also be considered that mate selection could be random.