Mandibular fractures in children: analysis of 61 cases and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate the incidence, etiology, site and patterns, management and treatment methods, and outcome of pediatric patients with mandibular fractures.

METHODS: Pediatric patients (1.5-16 years old) with mandibular fractures, treated at the Soroka University Medical Center were included in the study. Age, gender, etiology, site and type of fracture, associated injuries, mode of treatment, outcome, complications, and follow up were evaluated. The cases were divided into 3 age groups: Group A: 1.5-5 years, Group B: 6-11 years, and Group C: 12-16 years.

RESULTS: Sixty one patients were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Motor vehicle accident was the most common cause. Associated trauma was more common in young children. The condyle was involved in 54% of the fractures. Closed reduction and intermaxillary fixation was the most common treatment used. Complications were rare.

CONCLUSION: Management of mandibular fracture in the pediatric age group is a challenge. The anatomical complexity of the developing mandible and teeth strongly suggest the use of surgical techniques that are different from those routinely used in adults. The conservative approach is recommended. Whenever possible closed reduction should be the treatment of choice.