sliding scale basal bolus

Diabetes and hyperglycaemia are frequent diagnoses in the hospital, and in-hospital hyperglycaemia is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Insulin is the preferred treatment for in-hospital hyperglycaemia. This review summarises the management of hyperglycaemia in Danish hospitals. In Denmark, sliding-scale insulin is often applied with the addition of basal insulin after 1-2 days with hyperglycaemia which differs from international guidelines recommending a basal-bolus regimen. The optimal non-intensive care unit glucose targets, the safety and efficacy level of non-insulin antidiabetic agents, and continuous glucose monitoring are subjects of further research...

INTRODUCTION: Insulin is the preferred treatment for hyperglycaemia in hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, which insulin regimen to prefer is debated. We described Danish regional guidelines on the management of non-critically ill hospitalised patients with T2DM and compared them with international guidelines. METHODS: The Danish regional guidelines have been obtained via Danish regional web portals and by request to the regions...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is very low. We describe a patient with GDM in whom severe DKA with intrauterine fetal demise developed in the setting of nonadherence to therapy. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old woman, G2P0010, with no preexisting diabetes mellitus (DM) presented at 30 weeks of gestation with acute-onset altered sensorium, nausea, and emesis. GDM was diagnosed at 15 weeks of gestation with a serum glucose level of 266 mg/dL (70-134 mg/dL) after 1-hour 50-gram glucose challenge test...

Introduction: We assessed metrics related to inpatient glycemic control using InsulinAPP, an application available for free in Brazil, on the hospitalist-managed ward of our hospital. Subjects and methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) admitted from November 2018 to October 2019. InsulinAPP recommends NPH and regular insulins three times a day, in bolus-correction or basal-bolus schemes. Parameters that included BG within range of 70-180 mg/dL, insulin treatment regimen and frequency of hypoglycemia were evaluated...

CONTEXT: Individuals with diabetes or newly recognized hyperglycemia account for over 30% of noncritically ill hospitalized patients. Management of hyperglycemia in these patients is challenging. OBJECTIVE: To support development of the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for management of hyperglycemia in adults hospitalized for noncritical illness or undergoing elective surgical procedures. METHODS: We searched several databases for studies addressing 10 questions provided by a guideline panel from the Endocrine Society...

OBJECTIVE: Administration of supplemental sliding scale insulin for correction of hyperglycemia in non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients with type 2 diabetes is frequently used with basal-bolus insulin regimens. In this noninferiority randomized controlled trial we tested whether glycemic control is similar with and without aggressive sliding scale insulin treatment before meals and bedtime in patients treated with basal-bolus insulin regimens. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes with admission blood glucose (BG) 140-400 mg/dL treated with basal-bolus insulin were randomized to intensive (correction for BG >140 mg/dL, n = 108) or to nonintensive (correction for BG >260 mg/dL, n = 107) administration of rapid-acting sliding scale insulin before meals and bedtime...

The importance of glycemic management in surgical patient populations stems from an association between hyperglycemia and increased rates of surgical site infections, sepsis, and mortality. Various guidelines provide recommendations regarding target glucose concentrations, but all stress the importance of avoiding hypoglycemia as well. Within the surgical patient population, glycemic targets may vary further depending on the surgical service, such as cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, or reconstructive burn surgery...

Following non-elective orthopaedic surgery, a 61-year-old man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus on empagliflozin developed high anion gap metabolic acidosis in the high-dependency unit. Metabolic acidosis persisted despite intravenous sodium bicarbonate, contributing to tachycardia and a run of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. He was euglycaemic throughout hospital admission. Investigations revealed elevated urine and capillary ketones, and a diagnosis of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor-associated euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis was made...

CONTEXT: Guidelines recommend scheduled long-acting basal and short-acting bolus insulin several times daily to manage inpatient hyperglycemia. In the "real world," insulin therapy is complicated, with limited data on the comparative effectiveness of different insulin strategies. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to evaluate the association of different insulin strategies with glucose control and hospital outcomes after adjustment for patient and physician factors that influence choice of therapy...

Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients represent a major concern as they are associated with adverse outcomes-including increased rates of infection, longer hospital stay, and even death. Insulin therapy is the mainstay in the management of inpatient hyperglycemia. The traditional approach of sliding scale insulin (SSI) therapy for the temporary management of blood glucose levels in hospitalized patients, has now given way to basal-bolus insulin (BBI) therapy. This is owing to the BBI affording a better glycemic control in non-critical hospital settings as observed in multiple clinical studies using insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) as the basal component...

Over more than 40 years, many clinical studies are questioning the efficacy of Insulin Sliding Scale (ISS) in controlling blood sugar levels in hospitalized diabetic patients. Its efficacy remains suboptimal and many treatment guidelines recommending its discontinuation. No studies were conducted to explore the impact of clinical pharmacy services in this area. This study aimed to detect the efficacy of ISS in controlling blood sugar level and convince the physicians about ISS failure in an attempt to change to the Basal / Bolus technique...

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available that examine hospital readmission outcomes of sliding scale compared to basal-bolus insulin in indigent and insulin-naive patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hospital readmission outcomes in patients who are insulin naive with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are initiated on either sliding scale or basal-bolus insulin upon hospital discharge. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were insulin naive, had a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) 10% or greater, and were discharged with a prescription for sliding scale or basal-bolus insulin from January 2015 to July 2018...

AIMS: A sliding-scale (SS) regimen is discouraged to correct hyperglycemia in hospital patients, but there is resistance to adoption of basal-bolus (BB) treatment in surgical units. We tested the feasibility and the effects of a nurse-based BB regimen in orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Following an intense training to implement a protocol amenable by nurses, a group of patients admitted with hyperglycemia in an orthopedic institute were prospectively followed according to a basal-bolus insulin regimen (BB, n = 80)...

OBJECTIVE: Increased risk of infection following hyperglycemia has been reported in hospitalized patients. Sliding-scale insulin protocol is an out-of-date method; therefore, it is necessary to examine new approaches in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sliding-scale protocol versus basal-bolus insulin protocol, which supervised by clinical pharmacists in an infectious disease ward. METHODS: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 90 hyperglycemic patients who hospitalized in Loghman Hakim Hospital Infectious Disease Ward (Tehran, Iran) were randomized into two groups: sliding-scale insulin protocol (the control group) and the basal-bolus protocol groups that were under supervision clinical pharmacists...

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is prevalent and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Insulin therapy is the most appropriate method for controlling glycemia in hospital, but is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, which is a barrier to achieving glycemic goals. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: Optimal glycemic targets have not been established in the critical and noncritical hospitalized patients, and there are different modalities of insulin therapy...

Objective: Most acute-care hospitals have transitioned from sliding-scale to basal-bolus insulin therapy to manage hyperglycemia during hospitalization, but there is limited scientific evidence demonstrating better short-term clinical outcomes using the latter approach. The present study sought to determine if using basal-bolus insulin therapy favorably affects these outcomes in noncritical care settings and, if so, whether the magnitude of benefit differs in patients with known versus newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes...

IN BRIEF "Quality Improvement Success Stories" are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians, Inc. (ACP), and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, function, or both. Hyperglycaemia in non-critically ill hospitalised people is associated with poor clinical outcomes (infections, prolonged hospital stay, poor wound healing, higher morbidity and mortality). In the hospital setting people diagnosed with diabetes receive insulin therapy as part of their treatment in order to achieve metabolic control. However, insulin therapy can be provided by different strategies (sliding scale insulin (SSI), basal-bolus insulin, and other modalities)...

Introduction Basal/bolus insulin (BBI) is superior to sliding scale insulin (SSI) for diabetic patients admitted to hospital general medicine and surgery services, but little has been published on strategies to promote the utilization of BBI by resident physicians. New approaches that promote the effective management of hyperglycemia in hospitals need to be developed. Materials and methods  A prospective study with historical controls was conducted to evaluate the impact of a pocket insulin dosing guide on the diabetes management practices of internal medicine resident physicians at the Southern Illinois University (SIU) School of Medicine, rotating on general medicine...

OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia is common in the inpatient setting and providers frequently rely on sliding scale insulin. This case study reviews the experience of one hospital moving from high utilization of sliding scale to basal bolus insulin therapy. METHOD: This Retrospective Quality Improvement Study describes the journey of clinicians at a 580-bed hospital to convert from high usage of SSI to BBI. Hyperglycemic adult patients prescribed insulin, with/without a diagnosis of diabetes, were included...