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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Renbo Mao, Jianjun Yu, Bowen Deng, Xihuimin Dai, Yuyao Du, Sujie Du, Wenxia Zhang, Yi Rao
Dissection of neural circuitry underlying behaviors is a central theme in neurobiology. We have previously proposed the concept of chemoconnectome (CCT) to cover the entire chemical transmission between neurons and target cells in an organism and created tools for studying it (CCTomics) by targeting all genes related to the CCT in Drosophila . Here we have created lines targeting the CCT in a conditional manner after modifying GFP RNA interference, Flp-out, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. All three strategies have been validated to be highly effective, with the best using chromatin-peptide fused Cas9 variants and scaffold optimized sgRNAs...
April 30, 2024: ELife
#2
Aljoscha Nern, Frank Loesche, Shin-Ya Takemura, Laura E Burnett, Marisa Dreher, Eyal Gruntman, Judith Hoeller, Gary B Huang, Michal Januszewski, Nathan C Klapoetke, Sanna Koskela, Kit D Longden, Zhiyuan Lu, Stephan Preibisch, Wei Qiu, Edward M Rogers, Pavithraa Seenivasan, Arthur Zhao, John Bogovic, Brandon S Canino, Jody Clements, Michael Cook, Samantha Finley-May, Miriam A Flynn, Imran Hameed, Kenneth J Hayworth, Gary Patrick Hopkins, Philip M Hubbard, William T Katz, Julie Kovalyak, Shirley A Lauchie, Meghan Leonard, Alanna Lohff, Charli A Maldonado, Caroline Mooney, Nneoma Okeoma, Donald J Olbris, Christopher Ordish, Tyler Paterson, Emily M Phillips, Tobias Pietzsch, Jennifer Rivas Salinas, Patricia K Rivlin, Ashley L Scott, Louis A Scuderi, Satoko Takemura, Iris Talebi, Alexander Thomson, Eric T Trautman, Lowell Umayam, Claire Walsh, John J Walsh, C Shan Xu, Emily A Yakal, Tansy Yang, Ting Zhao, Jan Funke, Reed George, Harald F Hess, Gregory S X E Jefferis, Christopher Knecht, Wyatt Korff, Stephen M Plaza, Sandro Romani, Stephan Saalfeld, Louis K Scheffer, Stuart Berg, Gerald M Rubin, Michael B Reiser
Vision provides animals with detailed information about their surroundings, conveying diverse features such as color, form, and movement across the visual scene. Computing these parallel spatial features requires a large and diverse network of neurons, such that in animals as distant as flies and humans, visual regions comprise half the brain's volume. These visual brain regions often reveal remarkable structure-function relationships, with neurons organized along spatial maps with shapes that directly relate to their roles in visual processing...
April 18, 2024: bioRxiv
#3
Kathy Clara Bui, Daichi Kamiyama
UNLABELLED: The formation and precise positioning of axons and dendrites are crucial for the development of neural circuits. Although juxtracrine signaling via cell-cell contact is known to influence these processes, the specific structures and mechanisms regulating neuronal process positioning within the central nervous system (CNS) remain to be fully identified. Our study investigates motoneuron 24 (MN24) in the Drosophila embryonic CNS, which is characterized by a complex yet stereotyped axon projection pattern, known as 'axonal routing...
April 12, 2024: bioRxiv
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra Venuto, Christa A Baker
The development of sex-specific neural circuitry is critical for reproductive behaviors. A new study traces the developmental origin of female-specific neurons that underlie an adult mating behavior to larval neurons common to both sexes in Drosophila.
April 8, 2024: Current Biology: CB
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Schulz, Hanna R Franz, Stephan H Deimel, Annekathrin Widmann
Neonicotinoid insecticides, the fastest-growing class in recent decades, interfere with cholinergic neurotransmission by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This disruption affects both targeted and non-targeted insects, impairing cognitive functions such as olfaction and related behaviors, with a particular emphasis on olfactory memory due to its ecological impact. Despite the persistent presence of these chemicals in the environment, significant research gaps remain in understanding the intricate interplay between cognitive function, development, neuronal activity, and neonicotinoid-induced toxicity...
2024: Frontiers in Physiology
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aisha Hamid, Hannah Gattuso, Aysu Nora Caglar, Midhula Pillai, Theresa Steele, Alexa Gonzalez, Katherine Nagel, Mubarak Hussain Syed
Complex behaviors depend on the precise developmental specification of neuronal circuits, but the relationship between genetic programs for neural development, circuit structure, and behavioral output is often unclear. The central complex (CX) is a conserved sensory-motor integration center in insects, which governs many higher-order behaviors and largely derives from a small number of type II neural stem cells (NSCs). Here, we show that Imp, a conserved IGF-II mRNA-binding protein expressed in type II NSCs, plays a role in specifying essential components of CX olfactory navigation circuitry...
December 27, 2023: Current Biology: CB
#7
Minhao Li, Dawn S Chen, Ian P Junker, Fabianna Szorenyi, Guan Hao Chen, Arnold J Berger, Aaron A Comeault, Daniel R Matute, Yun Ding
Courtship interactions are remarkably diverse in form and complexity among species. How neural circuits evolve to encode new behaviors that are functionally integrated into these dynamic social interactions is unknown. Here we report a recently originated female sexual behavior in the island endemic Drosophila species D. santomea , where females signal receptivity to male courtship songs by spreading their wings, which in turn promotes prolonged songs in courting males. Copulation success depends on this female signal and correlates with males' ability to adjust his singing in such a social feedback loop...
December 7, 2023: bioRxiv
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patricia C Cooney, Yuhan Huang, Wenze Li, Dulanjana M Perera, Richard Hormigo, Tanya Tabachnik, Isuru S Godage, Elizabeth M C Hillman, Wesley B Grueber, Aref A Zarin
When threatened by dangerous or harmful stimuli, animals engage in diverse forms of rapid escape behaviors. In Drosophila larvae, one type of escape response involves C-shaped bending and lateral rolling followed by rapid forward crawling. The sensory circuitry that promotes larval escape has been extensively characterized; however, the motor programs underlying rolling are unknown. Here, we characterize the neuromuscular basis of rolling escape behavior. We used high-speed, volumetric, Swept Confocally Aligned Planar Excitation (SCAPE) microscopy to image muscle activity during larval rolling...
December 19, 2023: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Md Zeeshan Ali, Anushree Anushree, Anwar L Bilgrami, Aarif Ahsan, Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Rizwanul Haque, Jawaid Ahsan
Phenylacetaldehyde (PAH), an aromatic odorant, exists in varied fruits including overripe bananas and prickly pear cactus, the 2 major host fruits of Drosophila melanogaster. It acts as a potent ligand for the Ionotropic receptor 84a (IR84a) and the Odorant receptor 67a (OR67a), serving as an important food and courtship cue for adult fruit flies. Drosophila melanogaster larvae respond robustly to diverse feeding odorants, such as ethyl acetate (EA), an aliphatic ester. Since the chemical identity and concentration of an odorant are vital neural information handled by the olfactory system, we studied how larvae respond to PAH, an aromatic food odorant with aphrodisiac properties for adult flies...
November 1, 2023: Journal of Insect Science
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryosuke Tanaka, Baohua Zhou, Margarida Agrochao, Bara A Badwan, Braedyn Au, Natalia C B Matos, Damon A Clark
In selecting appropriate behaviors, animals should weigh sensory evidence both for and against specific beliefs about the world. For instance, animals measure optic flow to estimate and control their own rotation. However, existing models of flow detection can be spuriously triggered by visual motion created by objects moving in the world. Here, we show that stationary patterns on the retina, which constitute evidence against observer rotation, suppress inappropriate stabilizing rotational behavior in the fruit fly Drosophila...
October 26, 2023: Current Biology: CB
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Frederic A Roemschied, Diego A Pacheco, Max J Aragon, Elise C Ireland, Xinping Li, Kyle Thieringer, Rich Pang, Mala Murthy
Sequenced behaviours, including locomotion, reaching and vocalization, are patterned differently in different contexts, enabling animals to adjust to their environments. How contextual information shapes neural activity to flexibly alter the patterning of actions is not fully understood. Previous work has indicated that this could be achieved via parallel motor circuits, with differing sensitivities to context1,2 . Here we demonstrate that a single pathway operates in two regimes dependent on recent sensory history...
October 11, 2023: Nature
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George Boyan, Leslie Williams, Erica Ehrhardt
Johnston's organ (Jo) acts as an antennal wind-sensitive and/or auditory organ across a spectrum of insect species and its axons universally project to the brain. In the locust, this pathway is already present at mid-embryogenesis but the process of fasciculation involved in its construction has not been investigated. Terminal projections into the fine neuropilar organization of the brain also remain unresolved, information essential not only for understanding the neural circuitry mediating Jo-mediated behavior but also for providing comparative data offering insights into its evolution...
September 11, 2023: Development Genes and Evolution
#13
REVIEW
Litao Wu, Chang Liu
Sleep and memory are highly intertwined, yet integrative neural network of these two fundamental physiological behaviours remains poorly understood. Multiple cell types and structures of the Drosophila brain have been shown involved in the regulation of sleep and memory, and recent efforts become focusing on bridging them at molecular and circuit levels. Here, we briefly review: 1) identified neurons as key nodes of olfactory associative memory circuits involved in different memory processes; 2) how neurons of memory circuits participate in sleep regulation; and 3) other cell types and circuits besides the MB in linking sleep and memory...
August 23, 2023: Current Opinion in Insect Science
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander B Kunin, Jiahao Guo, Kevin E Bassler, Xaq Pitkow, Krešimir Josić
The structure of neural circuitry plays a crucial role in brain function. Previous studies of brain organization generally had to trade off between coarse descriptions at a large scale and fine descriptions on a small scale. Researchers have now reconstructed tens to hundreds of thousands of neurons at synaptic resolution, enabling investigations into the interplay between global, modular organization, and cell type-specific wiring. Analyzing data of this scale, however, presents unique challenges. To address this problem, we applied novel community detection methods to analyze the synapse-level reconstruction of an adult female Drosophila melanogaster brain containing >20,000 neurons and 10 million synapses...
September 13, 2023: Journal of Neuroscience
#15
Atit A Patel, Albert Cardona, Daniel N Cox
Metazoans detect and differentiate between innocuous (non-painful) and/or noxious (harmful) environmental cues using primary sensory neurons, which serve as the first node in a neural network that computes stimulus specific behaviors to either navigate away from injury-causing conditions or to perform protective behaviors that mitigate extensive injury. The ability of an animal to detect and respond to various sensory stimuli depends upon molecular diversity in the primary sensors and the underlying neural circuitry responsible for the relevant behavioral action selection...
August 2, 2023: bioRxiv
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoxiao Ji, Xiaolong Li, Lin Wang, Suning Liu, Xinyu Jiang, Yufeng Pan
Sexuality is generally prevented in newborns and arises with organizational rewiring of neural circuitry and optimization of fitness for reproduction competition. Recent studies reported that sex circuitry in Drosophila melanogaster is developed in juvenile males but functionally inhibited by juvenile hormone (JH). Here, we find that the fly sex circuitry, mainly expressing the male-specific fruitless (fruM ) and/or doublesex (dsx), is organizationally undeveloped and functionally inoperative in juvenile males...
August 2, 2023: EMBO Reports
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anthony P Lange, Fred W Wolf
Alcohol tolerance is a simple form of behavioural and neural plasticity that occurs with the first drink. Neural plasticity in tolerance is likely a substrate for longer term adaptations that can lead to alcohol use disorder. Drosophila develop tolerance with characteristics similar to vertebrates, and it is a useful model for determining the molecular and circuit encoding mechanisms in detail. Rapid tolerance, measured after the first alcohol exposure is completely metabolized, is localized to specific brain regions that are not interconnected in an obvious way...
August 2023: Addiction Biology
#18
Aisha Hamid, Hannah Gattuso, Aysu Nora Caglar, Midhula Pillai, Theresa Steele, Alexa Gonzalez, Katherine Nagel, Mubarak Hussain Syed
Complex behaviors depend on the precise developmental specification of neuronal circuits, but the relationship between genetic programs for neural development, circuit structure, and behavioral output is often unclear. The central complex (CX) is a conserved sensory-motor integration center in insects that governs many higher order behaviors and largely derives from a small number of Type II neural stem cells. Here, we show that Imp, a conserved IGF-II mRNA-binding protein expressed in Type II neural stem cells, specifies components of CX olfactory navigation circuitry...
May 29, 2023: bioRxiv
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ketan Mehta, Rebecca F Goldin, Giorgio A Ascoli
We present a functionally relevant, quantitative characterization of the neural circuitry of Drosophila melanogaster at the mesoscopic level of neuron types as classified exclusively based on potential network connectivity. Starting from a large neuron-to-neuron brain-wide connectome of the fruit fly, we use stochastic block modeling and spectral graph clustering to group neurons together into a common "cell class" if they connect to neurons of other classes according to the same probability distributions. We then characterize the connectivity-based cell classes with standard neuronal biomarkers, including neurotransmitters, developmental birthtimes, morphological features, spatial embedding, and functional anatomy...
2023: Network Neuroscience
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Darren A Jindal, Hans C Leier, Gabriela Salazar, Alexander J Foden, Elizabeth A Seitz, Abigail J Wilkov, Jaeda C Coutinho-Budd, Heather T Broihier
Glial phagocytic activity refines connectivity, though molecular mechanisms regulating this exquisitely sensitive process are incompletely defined. We developed the Drosophila antennal lobe as a model for identifying molecular mechanisms underlying glial refinement of neural circuits in the absence of injury. Antennal lobe organization is stereotyped and characterized by individual glomeruli comprised of unique olfactory receptor neuronal (ORN) populations. The antennal lobe interacts extensively with two glial subtypes: ensheathing glia wrap individual glomeruli, while astrocytes ramify considerably within them...
2023: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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