Suicide genetic

INTRODUCTION: Resting heart rate has been distinctly related to both internalizing (high pulse) and externalizing (low pulse) disorders. We aimed to explore the associations between resting heart rate and suicidal behavior (nonfatal suicide attempt [SA] and suicide death [SD]) and evaluate if such associations exist beyond the effects of internalizing/externalizing symptomatology. METHOD: We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the associations between resting heart rate (age 19) and later SA/SD in 357,290 Swedish men...

Little is known about how non-suicidal and suicidal self-injury are differentially genetically related to psychopathology and related measures. This research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource, in participants of European ancestry (N = 2320 non-suicidal self-injury [NSSI] only; N = 2648 suicide attempt; 69.18% female). We compared polygenic scores (PGS) for psychopathology and other relevant measures within self-injuring individuals. Logistic regressions and likelihood ratio tests (LRT) were used to identify PGS that were differentially associated with these outcomes...

Background: Environmental factors make an important contribution to suicide. Histone tails are prone to different modifications, leading to changes of chromatin (de)condensation and consequently gene expression. Materials & methods: Level of H3K14ac was studied with chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Genes were further validated with RT-qPCR; using hippocampal tissue. Results: We showed lowered H3K14ac levels in individuals who died by suicide. The genes ADORA2A , B4GALT2  and MMP14 showed differential expression in individuals who died by suicide...

Ghrelin is primarily responsible for regulating energy balance, as it increases appetite. However, in recent years, its new physiological functions have been discovered-it regulates lipogenesis, plays a role in the development of insulin resistance, and even acts protectively on heart muscle. Moreover, ghrelin was associated with many psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) or schizophrenia. Ghrelin levels were elevated in patients diagnosed with depression and in patients after suicide attempts...

BACKGROUND: Theories of risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) implicate both interpersonal and biological factors. Divorce/separation and aggregate genetic liability are robustly associated with STB, but have seldom been evaluated in conjunction with one another. Furthermore, whether these factors are effective predictors in high-risk populations is not clear. METHODS: Analyses were conducted in a sample of Han Chinese women with severe recurrent major depressive disorder (maximum N = 4380)...

A 55-year-old man with recurrent depressive episodes, with onset at age 45, was admitted to hospital after a suicide attempt. Due to a recent stroke as well as a family history of stroke and depression, CADASIL (prevalence of 2-5 per 100.000) was considered as a possible diagnosis. Although depression is common in CADASIL, the initial presentation is not typically comprised of recurrent depressions. Brain MRI, however, did not show the characteristic white matter lesions in the anterior temporal lobe. Genetic analysis revealed a cysteine-sparing mutation (Arg61Trp) in the NOTCH3 gene...

Drug-tolerant persisters (DTPs) are a rare subpopulation of cells within a tumor that can survive therapy through nongenetic adaptive mechanisms to develop relapse and repopulate the tumor following drug withdrawal. Using a cancer cell line with an engineered suicide switch to kill proliferating cells, we perform both genetic screens and compound screens to identify the inhibition of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins as a selective vulnerability of DTPs. BET inhibitors are especially detrimental to DTPs that have reentered the cell cycle (DTEPs) in a broad spectrum of cancer types...

Identifying additional noninvasive biomarkers for affective disorders, such as unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these prevalent and debilitating neuropsychiatric conditions. One such candidate biomarker is the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), an event-related potential that measures responsiveness of the auditory cortex to different intensities of sound. The LDAEP has been associated with MDD and BD, including therapeutic response to particular classes of antidepressant drugs, while also correlating with several other neuropsychiatric disorders...

We aim to investigate the methylation of NR3C1 gene promotor and NR3C1 BclI polymorphism in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with attempted suicide or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A sample of 112 patients with SCZ were included in the study. SCID-I was used to confirm the diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. The patients were evaluated by data forms that had sociodemographic, suicidal behavior, and NSSI information. Methylation-specific PCR was used to identify the methylation of the NR3C1 gene. The analysis of the BclI polymorphism of the NR3C1 gene was evaluated by using the PCR-RFLP...

Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar I disorder (BPI) are at high risk for self-injurious behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors (SB). Characterizing associations between diagnosed health problems, prior pharmacological treatments, and polygenic scores (PGS) has potential to inform risk stratification. We examined self-reported SB and ideation using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) among 3,942 SCZ and 5,414 BPI patients receiving care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA)...

Background: Previous studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may increase the risk of suicide among children and youth, although the association between suicide risk and the combination of SSRIs with other medication such as stimulants in this population remains unclear. This study explored whether the combination of SSRIs with stimulants influenced suicide risk. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single children's hospital campus-based ambulatory psychiatric clinic between September 1, 2017, and September 30, 2020...

Genetic instability of synthetic genetic devices is a key obstacle for practical use. This problem is particularly critical in kill-switches for conditional host killing. Here, we propose a genetically stable kill-switch based on a "demon and angel" expression construct of a toxic essential gene. The kill-switch conditionally overexpresses the toxic essential gene. Additionally, the identical essential gene is deleted in the genome. The essential gene is expressed at a low level to maintain host survival in the OFF state and kills the host by the overexpression in the ON state...

Hanging is one of the most common suicide methods worldwide. Neck injuries that occur upon such neck compression - fractures of the thyrohyoid complex and cervical spine, occupy forensic pathologists for a long time. However, research failed to identify particular patterns of these injuries corresponding to the force distribution a ligature applies to the neck: the issue of reconstructing the knot in a noose position persists. So far, machine learning (ML) models were not utilized to classify knot positions and reconstruct this event...

BACKGROUND: Converging lines of evidence indicate that ketamine is a rapid antidepressant for individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Hitherto, no reliable a priori predictors of ketamine response have been reported. Pharmacogenetic biomarkers have yielded mixed results regarding potential candidate genes associated with ketamine's biochemistry as reliable predictors of response. AIMS: No studies have examined the effects of Val66Met and CYP2B6 genotypes on patients receiving repeated infusions of intravenous ketamine...

BACKGROUND: The time after discharge from psychiatric inpatient care is one of the most dangerous periods in terms of suicide risk. Predicting who is at higher risk could help with resource allocation to assure patients at high risk of suicide attempts are most closely followed. We previously showed that inpatients who improve their suicide ideation levels faster while in inpatient treatment are the ones with highest rates of post-discharge suicide. Here, we studied the possible genetic underpinnings associated with such risk...

In genome engineering, the integration of incoming DNA has been dependent on enzymes produced by dividing cells, which has been a bottleneck toward increasing DNA insertion frequencies and accuracy. Recently, RNA-guided transposition with CRISPR-associated transposase (CAST) was reported as highly effective and specific in Escherichia coli . Here, we developed Golden Gate vectors to test CAST in filamentous cyanobacteria and to show that it is effective in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. The comparatively large plasmids containing CAST and the engineered transposon were successfully transferred into Anabaena via conjugation using either suicide or replicative plasmids...

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a worldwide health concern and up to date there is no good predictor of it except a previous suicide attempt. Therefore, there are increasing efforts in the understanding of which factors, genetic or environmental, are associated with suicide behaviour. OBJECTIVE: To review evidence of the effect of childhood trauma and impulsivity on suicidal behavior through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Searches were conducted on the 12th of June 2021 in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases...

Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan that affects several animal species. It is not pathogenic for humans, and its ability to infect and lyse a variety of cells and stimulate the immune system makes it an interesting drug candidate in oncology. The intrinsic oncolytic properties of N. caninum have been confirmed in several preclinical models. Moreover, it can be modified to improve its safety and/or efficacy against cancer cells. In this study, we propose the legal categorization of this new biological drug candidate and the impact of modifications, notably the integration of a suicide gene, the deletion of a gene allowing its multiplication in healthy cells, and/or the insertion of a gene coding for a therapeutic protein into its genome...

Irritability, defined as proneness to anger that may impair an individual's functioning, is common in youths. There has been a recent upsurge in relevant research. The authors combine systematic and narrative review approaches to integrate the latest clinical and translational findings and provide suggestions for addressing research gaps. Clinicians and researchers should assess irritability routinely, and specific assessment tools are now available. Informant effects are prominent, are stable, and vary by age and gender...

INTRODUCTION: The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide proposes that capability for suicide is acquired through exposure to painful and provocative events (PPEs). Although there is robust evidence for a positive association between aggregate measures of PPEs and risk for suicidal behavior, little is known about the contributions of physical injuries. The present study investigated the relationship between injuries and risk of subsequent suicide attempt (SA). METHODS: Data were from Swedish population-based registers...