tetranychus

To explore natural product-based pesticide candidates, a series of indole derivatives containing the isoxazoline skeleton at the N-1 position were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction. Their structures were characterized by melting points (mp), infrared (IR) spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1 H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (13 C NMR), and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The single-crystal structures of five compounds were presented. Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, compound 3b showed greater than 3...

Tetranychus urticae , popularly known as spider mite, is a pest that causes several economic losses to crops. Thus, this work evaluated the effect of essential oils from the leaves of Piper macedoi and Piper arboreum on managing T. urticae . The chemical compounds present in essential oils were identified by gas chromatography. Tests were carried out to evaluate the acaricidal activity by fumigation effect and direct contact with T. urticae . The results showed that LC50 values for the essential oils of P. macedoi and P...

Terpenoids, natural compounds released by plants, function to enhance plant defense. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of terpenoid-enriched essential oils (EOs) on tomato plants. From the application of a highly diluted solution of 11 different EOs to potted tomato soil, our study showed that rose essential oil (REO), rich in β-citronellol, played a crucial role in activating defense genes in tomato leaves. As a result, leaf damage caused by herbivores, such as Spodoptera litura and Tetranychus urticae , was significantly reduced...

Habitat manipulation such as intercropping can be used as a simple and common cultural practice in pest management. This method is based on the principle of reducing pest populations by increasing the diversity of an ecosystem. This study has been carried out to evaluate the influence of additive series intercropping common bean with some aromatic plants (AP), and 2 acaricides on the different life stages (egg, immature mobile stages, and adult) of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), over 2 yr of experimentation (2020 and 2021)...

Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) are polyphagous pests of economic importance in agriculture, among which the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch has spread widely worldwide as an invasive species, posing a serious threat to fruit tree production in China, including Beijing. The hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher, is also a worldwide pest of fruit trees and woody ornamental plants. The cassava mite, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara, is mainly found in Asian countries, including China, Korea and Japan, and mainly affects fruit trees and agricultural crops...

Spider mites Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus macfarlanei and Oligonychus biharensis are considered to be highly polyphagous in nature and causes severe damage to a wide range of plants around the world. Amblyseius paraaerialis is an efficient phytoseiid predator of spider mites with a potential to survive on both natural and alternative diets. Evaluation of predatory potential and prey stage preference provides valuable information on the efficacy of the predatory species in controlling mite population. Feeding experiments were conducted on mulberry leaf discs under the laboratory conditions of 30 ± 2 °C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity (RH)...

To explore the use of nonfood plant-derived secondary metabolites for plant protection, a series of ester derivatives for controlling the major migratory agricultural pests were obtained by structural modification of andrographolide, a labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata . Compound Id showed good insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith. Compounds IIa (LC50 : 0.382 mg/mL) and IIIc (LC50 : 0.563 mg/mL), the acaricidal activities of which were, respectively, 13...

BACKGROUND: The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae causes significant damage to ornamental, cotton, sugarcane and horticultural crops in Australia. It has a long history of developing resistance to many acaricides including bifenazate. A mutation in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo pocket of cytochrome b is recognized as the primary mechanism of bifenazate resistance. To investigate the resistance mechanisms against bifenazate in Australian two-spotted spider mite, we sequenced the complete mitochondrion genome of five mite strains including a susceptible and bifenazate-resistant strain...

Spider mites were considered secondary pests of walnut production in California, under the control of phytoseiid predators. Due to increased importance as walnut pests in recent decades there is renewed interest in the structure and function of the associated phytoseiid assemblage. In this study we report the results from a 3 year survey of the tetranychid and phytoseiid assemblages in walnut orchards in the Central Valley of California. The survey was conducted to determine the range and dominance of web-spinning Tetranychus species present, to investigate the species richness and dominance of the phytoseiid species present, and to explore whether patterns of variation in the relative abundance of phytoseiid species could be explained by one or more explanatory variables...

BACKGROUND: Mycorrhizal plants show enhanced resistance to biotic stresses, but few studies address mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR) against biotic challenges in woody plants and particularly in citrus. Here we present a comparative study of two citrus species, Citrus aurantium, which is resistant, and Citrus reshni, which is highly susceptible to Tetranychus urticae. Although both mycorrhizal species are protected in locally infested leaves, they show very distinct responses to MIR...

As part of our ongoing investigation of natural bioactive substances from the genus Thermopsis of the tribe Fabaceae for agricultural protection, the chemical constituents of the herb Thermopsis lupinoides were systematically investigated, which led to the isolation of 39 quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) ( 1 - 39 ), including 14 new QAs ( 1 - 14 ) and 14 isoflavones ( 40 - 53 ). Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (IR, UV, NMR, HRESIMS), ECD calculations, and X-ray crystallography...

Tetranychus urticae Koch, a phytophagous mite, is one of the most significant crop pests globally. The primary method employed for controlling T. urticae involves chemical means, utilizing synthesized products, posing the risk of developing resistance. The urgency for novel strategies integrated into pest management programs to combat this mite is becoming increasingly imperative. Botanical pesticides emerge as a promising tool to forestall arthropod resistance. Among these, extracts from Rutaceae plants, abundant in bioactive specialized metabolites, have demonstrated potential as insecticides and miticides...

The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is one of the most well-known pesticide-resistant agricultural pests, with resistance often attributed to changes such as target-site mutations and detoxification activation. Recent studies show that pesticide resistance can also be influenced by symbionts, but their involvement in this process in spider mites remains uncertain. Here, we found that infection with Wolbachia, a well-known bacterial reproductive manipulator, significantly increased mite survival after exposure to the insecticides abamectin, cyflumetofen, and pyridaben...

BACKGROUND: Plants have acquired a repertoire of mechanisms to combat biotic stressors, which may vary depending on the feeding strategies of herbivores and the plant species. Hormonal regulation crucially modulates this malleable defense response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) stand out as pivotal regulators of defense, while other hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA) or auxin also play a role in modulating plant-pest interactions. The plant defense response has been described to elicit effects in distal tissues, whereby aboveground herbivory can influence belowground response, and vice versa...

NOI10 and NOI11 are two RIN4-like/NOI proteins that participate in the immune response of the Arabidopsis plant and affect the RIN4-regulated mechanisms involving the R-proteins RPM1 and RPS2. The immune response in plants depends on the regulation of signaling pathways triggered by pathogens and herbivores. RIN4, a protein of the RIN4-like/NOI family, is considered to be a central immune signal in the interactions of plants and pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four of the 15 members of the RIN4-like/NOI family (NOI3, NOI5, NOI10, and NOI11) were induced in response to the plant herbivore Tetranychus urticae...

Metal accumulation is used by some plants as a defence against herbivores. Yet, herbivores may adapt to these defences, becoming less susceptible. Moreover, ecosystems often contain plants that do and do not accumulate metals, but whether such heterogeneity affects herbivore adaptation remains understudied. Here, we performed experimental evolution to test whether the spider mite Tetranychus evansi adapts to plants with high cadmium concentrations, in homogeneous (plants with cadmium) or heterogeneous (plants with or without cadmium) environments...

Tetranychus urticae is a highly polyphagous and global pest. Spider mites primarily feed on the underside of leaves, resulting in decreased photosynthesis, nutritional loss, and the development of chlorotic patches. We investigated the life tables of the two-spotted spider mite T. urticae on fungal endophyte Beauveria bassiana colonized and untreated plants of the common Phaseolus vulgaris L., a bean plant. Based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, data were evaluated. The mites raised on untreated plants had protonymphs, deutonymphs, and total pre-adult stage durations that were considerably shorter (1...

With a generally warming global climate, the number of Tetranychus truncatus specimens in the Hexi region in China has been increasing. As ectotherms, the growth and development of T. truncatus are greatly affected by changes in environmental temperature. The effect of heatwaves on organisms depends on a delicate balance between damage and repair periods. Therefore, we simulated nine patterns of periodically recurring changes in the frequency of high-temperature days using an intraday gradual temperature change model to study and compare the effects on the development and reproduction of pyridaben-sensitive and -resistant strains of T...

The genome editing technique CRISPR/Cas9 has led to major advancements in many research fields and this state-of-the-art tool has proven its use in genetic studies for various arthropods. However, most transformation protocols rely on microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 component into embryos, a method which is challenging for many species. Alternatively, injections can be performed on adult females, but transformation efficiencies can be very low as was shown for the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, a minute but important chelicerate pest on many crops...

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a subtropical tree cultivated in arid, dry and temperate regions. Olive orchards in Al-Jouf of Saudi Arabia are the largest worldwide and currently face harmful pest infestation. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the predatory mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and the exogenously applied melatonin (MT), glycine betaine (GB) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as eco-friendly approaches for enhancing the biological control of four mite species (Tegolophus hassani, Oxycenus niloticus, Aceria olivi and Tetranychus urticae) infesting olive trees in Al-Jouf under laboratory and field conditions...