bcat

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of a mentoring program to encourage staff-delivered sleep-promoting strategies on sleep, function, depression, and anxiety among skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents. DESIGN: Modified stepped-wedge unit-level intervention. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two residents (mean age 75 ± 15 years; 55.9% female, 41% non-Hispanic White, 35% Black, 20% Hispanic, 3% Asian) of 2 New York City urban SNFs...

Reproductive ageing is one of the earliest human ageing phenotypes, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to oocyte quality decline; however, it is not known which mitochondrial metabolic processes are critical for oocyte quality maintenance with age. To understand how mitochondrial processes contribute to Caenorhabditis elegans oocyte quality, we characterized the mitochondrial proteomes of young and aged wild-type and long-reproductive daf-2 mutants. Here we show that the mitochondrial proteomic profiles of young wild-type and daf-2 worms are similar and share upregulation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism pathway enzymes...

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Whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci sensu lato) have a wide host range and are globally important agricultural pests. In Sub-Saharan Africa, they vector viruses that cause two ongoing disease epidemics: cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic virus disease. These two diseases threaten food security for more than 800 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts are ongoing to identify target genes for the development of novel management options against the whitefly populations that vector these devastating viral diseases affecting cassava production in Sub-Saharan Africa...

Reproductive aging is one of the earliest human aging phenotypes, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to oocyte quality decline. However, it is not known which mitochondrial metabolic processes are critical for oocyte quality maintenance with age. To understand how mitochondrial processes contribute to C. elegans oocyte quality, we characterized the mitochondrial proteomes of young and aged wild-type and long-reproductive daf-2 mutants. Here we show that the mitochondrial proteomic profiles of young wild-type and daf-2 worms are similar and share upregulation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism pathway enzymes...

Lactococcus lactis is a key strain in the production of branched-chain aldehydes that contribute to the nutty flavor in cheese. It has been hypothesized that the conversion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) into branched-chain aldehydes is under the regulation of a global transcriptional regulator, CodY; however, the functions remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effect of CodY on the key genes for the BCAAs conversion into branched-chain aldehydes in L. lactis , namely branched-chain aminotransferase (encoded by bcaT ) α-keto acid decarboxylase (encoded by kdc A) and α-keto acid dehydrogenase (encoded by pdh ABCD)...

The synthesis of the first terminal mono-boryl complexes of nickel, which are not stabilized by a pincer ligand, is reported. The reaction of the nickel bis-boryl complex cis-[Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(Bcat)2] 1 (cat = 1,2-O2C6H4) with the small donor ligand PMe3 led to a complete ligand exchange at nickel with reductive elimination of B2cat2, formation of the bisNHC adduct [B2cat2 · (iPr2ImMe)2] 3 and formation of [Ni(PMe3)4] 2 as the metal-containing species. Electrophilic attack of MeI on complex 1 or ligand dismutation of 1 with trans[Ni(iPr2ImMe)2Br2] led to loss of only one boryl ligand of 1 and afforded the nickel mono-boryl complexes trans-[Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(Bcat)Br] 4a and trans-[Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(Bcat)I] 4b...

This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary arginine supplementation on protein synthesis, meat quality and flavor in lambs. Eighteen Dorper (♂) × Small Tailed Han sheep (♀) crossed ewe lambs of similar weight (27.29 ± 2.02 kg; aged 3 months) were assigned to two groups, the control group was fed the basal diet (Con group), and the arginine group (Arg group) was supplemented with 1% l-arginine based on the Con group for 90 d. The results suggested that dietary arginine significantly increased final body weight, loin eye muscle area, muscle fiber diameter, cross-sectional area (P < 0...

How cells coordinate their metabolism with division determines the rate of cell proliferation. Dynamic patterns of metabolite synthesis during the cell cycle are unexplored. We report the first isotope tracing analysis in synchronous, growing budding yeast cells. Synthesis of leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), increases through the G1 phase of the cell cycle, peaking later during DNA replication. Cells lacking Bat1, a mitochondrial aminotransferase that synthesizes BCAAs, grow slower, are smaller, and are delayed in the G1 phase, phenocopying cells in which the growth-promoting kinase complex TORC1 is moderately inhibited...

BACKGROUND: Changes in Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expression are related to tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CAV-1 in tumor progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissue samples and the effect of CAV-1 silencing on two oral tongue SCC (OTSCC) cell lines (SCC-25, from a primary tumor, and HSC-3 from lymph node metastases). METHODS: Mycroarray hybridization, mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry were performed on OSCC tissue samples and corresponding non-tumoral margin tissues...

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Adversarial training (AT) is, so far, the only method that can guarantee the robustness of DNNs to adversarial attacks. However, the robustness generalization accuracy gain of AT is still far lower than the standard generalization accuracy of an undefended model, and there is known to be a trade-off between the standard generalization accuracy and the robustness generalization accuracy of an adversarially trained model. In order to improve the robustness generalization and the standard generalization performance trade-off of AT, we propose a novel defense algorithm called Between-Class Adversarial Training (BCAT) that combines Between-Class learning (BC-learning) with standard AT...

The first nickel bis-boryl complexes cis -[Ni( i Pr2 ImMe )2 (Bcat)2 ], cis -[Ni( i Pr2 ImMe )2 (Bpin)2 ] and cis -[Ni( i Pr2 ImMe )2 (Beg)2 ] are reported, which were prepared via the reaction of a source of [Ni( i Pr2 ImMe )2 ] with the diboron(4) compounds B2 cat2 , B2 pin2 and B2 eg2 ( i Pr2 ImMe = 1,3-di-iso-propyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene; B2 cat2 = bis(catecholato)diboron; B2 pin2 = bis(pinacolato)diboron; B2 eg2 = bis(ethylene glycolato)diboron). X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations strongly suggest that a delocalized, multicenter bonding scheme dictates the bonding situation of the NiB2 moiety in these square planar complexes, reminiscent of the bonding situation of "non-classical" H2 complexes...

Efficient 13 C hyperpolarization of ketoisocaproate is demonstrated in natural isotopic abundance and [1-13 C]enriched forms via SABRE-SHEATH (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei). Parahydrogen, as the source of nuclear spin order, and ketoisocaproate undergo simultaneous chemical exchange with an Ir-IMes-based hexacoordinate complex in CD3 OD. SABRE-SHEATH enables spontaneous polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydrides to the 13 C nucleus of transiently bound ketoisocaproate...

IMPORTANCE: Identifying cognitive impairment in adults in acute care is essential so that providers can address functional deficits and plan for safe discharge. Occupational therapy practitioners play an essential role in screening for, evaluating, and treating cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: To test and compare the psychometrics and feasibility of three cognitive screens and select the ideal screen for use in acute care. DESIGN: Prospective mixed methods...

Purpose: To investigate the synergistic effect of bovine cateslytin-loaded nanoparticles (bCAT-NPs) combined with ultrasound against Candida albicans biofilm and uncover the underlying mechanism. Methods: bCAT-NPs were prepared by the double emulsion method, and toxicity was observed by the hemolysis ratio. The metabolic activity and viable cell biomass, morphology and membrane permeability of C. albicans biofilm were observed. The expression of ALS3 mRNA, the content of reactive oxygen species, was detected...

Challenges regarding successful immunotherapy are associated with the heterogeneity of tumors and the complex interactions within the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly those between immune and tumor cells. Of interest, T cells receive a myriad of environmental signals to elicit differentiation to effector subtypes, which is accompanied by metabolic reprogramming needed to satisfy the high energy and biosynthetic demands of their activated state. However, T cells are subjected to immunosuppressive signals and areas of oxygen and nutrient depletion in the TME, which causes T-cell exhaustion and helps tumor cells escape immune detection...

A 12-week experiment was conducted to explore the effects of betaine and/or TMAO on growth, hepatic health, gut microbiota, and serum metabolites in Megalobrama amblycephala fed with high-carbohydrate diets. The diets were as follows: CD group (control diet, 28.5% carbohydrate), HCD group (high-carbohydrate diet, 38.2% carbohydrate), HBD group (betaine-added diet, 38.3% carbohydrate + 1.2% betaine), HTD group (TMAO-added diet, 38.2% carbohydrate + 0.2% TMAO), and HBT group (diet added with both betaine and TMAO, 38...

Background: Abnormal branched-chained amino acids (BCAA) accumulation in cardiomyocytes is associated with cardiac remodeling in heart failure. Administration of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) kinase inhibitor BT2 has been shown to reduce cardiac BCAA levels and demonstrated positive effects on cardiac function in a preclinical setting. The current study is focused on evaluating the impact of BT2 on the systemic and cardiac levels of BCAA and their metabolites as well as activities of BCAA catabolic enzymes using a quantitative systems pharmacology model...

Selenium (Se) maintains soil-plant homeostasis in the rhizosphere and regulates signaling molecules to mitigate cadmium (Cd) toxicity. However, there has been no systematic investigation of the effects of nano-selenium (nano-Se) on the regulation of non-target metabolites and nutritional components in pepper plants under Cd stress. This study investigated the effects of Cd-contaminated soil stress and nano-Se (1, 5, and 20 mg/L) on the metabolic mechanism, fruit nutritional quality, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition of pepper plants...

Plants accumulate several metabolites in response to drought stress, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). However, the roles of BCAAs in plant drought responses and the underlying molecular mechanisms for BCAA accumulation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that rice (Oryza sativa) DROUGHT-INDUCED BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE (OsDIAT) mediates the accumulation of BCAAs in rice in response to drought stress. An in vitro enzyme activity assay indicated that OsDIAT is a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), and subcellular localization analysis revealed that OsDIAT localizes to the cytoplasm...