Law

The aim of the study was to determine the components of measurement uncertainty in the concentration of alcohol in exhaled breath and to determine the state of sobriety at the time of incident. Based on the literature review and the authors' experience in providing opinions for law enforcement and the judiciary, the influence of various factors on the final interpretation of sobriety state is described on the basis of measurement uncertainty of breath analyzers, uncertainty of retrospective and prospective calculations, and uncertainty related to the conversion of alcohol concentrations detected during breath and blood tests...

The laws exacerbate stigma and impede access to needed health care.

BACKGROUND: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines legal intervention injuries as injuries caused by law enforcement agents in the course of official duties. Public health databases utilize International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), coding to collect these data through the "Y35" family ICD-10 code. Prior studies report deficiencies in public health recording of fatal legal intervention injuries. Few studies have characterized nonfatal injuries...

BACKGROUND: The FORZA trial (FFR or OCT Guidance to Revascularize Intermediate Coronary Stenosis Using Angioplasty) prospectively compared the use of fractional flow reserve (FFR) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) for treatment decisions and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) optimization in patients with angiographically intermediate coronary lesions. Murray law-based quantitative-flow-ratio (μQFR) is a novel noninvasive method for the computation of FFR. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical impact of μQFR, FFR, or OCT guidance in FORZA trial lesions at 3-year follow-up...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades, an increase in natural disasters has led to the Natech events occurrence, which are technological accidents triggered by natural hazards. This study aims to assess the risk of chemical release of the H2 S toxic gas following an earthquake from the refinery. METHOD: The Natech risk assessment was carried out in potential earthquake risk scenarios via a semi-quantitative method using Rapid-N software. The reference scenario was obtained using the Australian SMUG Model, which has presented precise prioritization...

The ZnAl1.999 Ho0.001 O4 phosphor, prepared by the solid-state method, crystallizes in the cubic spinel structure. Morphology and chemical composition homogeneity were determined via Energy Dispersive X-ray and SEM analysis. The (Eg ) optical band gap was evaluated from the UV/vis absorption spectrum, confirming direct transition behavior according to Tauc's law. The Urbach energy (Eu) in the ZnAl1.999 Ho0.001 O4 spinel was higher than that in the ZnAl2 O4 spinel, indicating increased disorder and a higher concentration of defects due to Ho3+ ions...

Data privacy is one of the biggest challenges facing system architects at the system design stage. Especially when certain laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), have to be complied with by cloud environments. In this article, we want to help cloud providers comply with the GDPR by proposing a GDPR-compliant cloud architecture. To do this, we use model-driven engineering techniques to design cloud architecture and analyze cloud interactions. In particular, we develop a complete framework, called MDCT, which includes a Unified Modeling Language profile that allows us to define specific cloud scenarios and profile validation to ensure that certain required properties are met...

The isolation of specific grain size classes of lithogenic samples and biogenic carbonate from the <63 µm fraction (i.e. clay and silt) of marine sediment is often a prerequisite to further pre-treatments and/or analytical measurements for palaeoceanographic studies. Established techniques employed have included sieving, settling and micro-filtration (and/or a combination of these). However, these methods often use significant amounts of bulk sediment (often up to ∼3 g) and/or require considerable amounts of time during sediment processing (ranging from 48 h to 3 weeks) to isolate a size specific class for further analyses...

INTRODUCTION: An expert witness is a person who provides testimony on issues that the court finds to be outside the scope of their expertise and experience. Any physician who has performed an independent medical evaluation or written medical records can and should expect to be requested as an expert witness. Medical malpractice, workers' compensation, and personal injury are the most prominent areas where medical expert witnesses participate and provide opinions and testimony. To our knowledge, this is the first study to be conducted in Saudi Arabia on physicians acting as expert witnesses...

Entanglement and its propagation are central to understanding many physical properties of quantum systems1-3 . Notably, within closed quantum many-body systems, entanglement is believed to yield emergent thermodynamic behaviour4-7 . However, a universal understanding remains challenging owing to the non-integrability and computational intractability of most large-scale quantum systems. Quantum hardware platforms provide a means to study the formation and scaling of entanglement in interacting many-body systems8-14 ...

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the current situation of radiation protection education for designated radiation workers in hospitals. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted at 1,883 hospitals nationwide with 200 or more beds. RESULTS: Responses from 186 hospitals were included in the analysis. Seven hospitals (6.7%) regulated by the Act on the Regulation of Radioisotopes and six hospitals (7.4%) regulated by only the Ordinance on Prevention of Ionizing Radiation Hazards did not implement radiation protection education...

Deep feedforward and recurrent neural networks have become successful functional models of the brain, but they neglect obvious biological details such as spikes and Dale's law. Here we argue that these details are crucial in order to understand how real neural circuits operate. Towards this aim, we put forth a new framework for spike-based computation in low-rank excitatory-inhibitory spiking networks. By considering populations with rank-1 connectivity, we cast each neuron's spiking threshold as a boundary in a low-dimensional input-output space...

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges of Eritrean refugee women in Ethiopia. DESIGN: A qualitative exploratory design with the key informant approach. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in the Afar regional state, North East, Ethiopia. The study participants were HCP responsible for providing SRH care for refugee women...

Carl Ludwig was, besides Johannes Müller, one of the most prolific natural scientists of the 19th century. Carl Ludwig believed that the function of organs can be ascribed to the laws of physics and chemistry and that only through repeatable physiological experiments can hypotheses be verified. Ludwig has laid the technological foundations for experimental physiology. The "kymographion", (waves-recorder), the "stromuhr" and the blood gas pump are some of his developments that underline this fact. Together with his students he performed fundamental experiments to gain better understanding of renal physiology and pulmonary physiology, cardiovascular circulatory and innervation, as well as glandular secretion and the lymphatic system...

The use of elephant ivory as a commodity is a factor in declining elephant populations. Despite recent worldwide elephant ivory trade bans, mammoth ivory trade remains unregulated. This complicates law enforcement efforts, as distinguishing between ivory from extant and extinct species requires costly, destructive and time consuming methods. Elephant and mammoth ivory mainly consists of dentine, a mineralized connective tissue that contains an organic collagenous component and an inorganic component of calcium phosphate minerals, similar in structure to hydroxyapatite crystals...

Law enforcement officers are routinely exposed to high-threat encounters that elicit physiological stress responses that impact health, performance, and safety. Therefore, self-regulation using evidence-based approaches is a priority in police research and practice. This paper describes a five-module heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) protocol that is part of a larger resilience program (the International Performance Resilience and Efficiency Program - iPREP) established in 2014. Supported by 10 years of user-informed research and development, our methods are tailored to address occupational stressors and the practical realities of training and resource availability in operational settings...

1H spin-lattice Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxometry experiments have been performed for collagen and collagen-based artificial tissues in the frequency range of 10 kHz-20 MHz. The studies were performed for non-hydrated and hydrated materials. The relaxation data have been interpreted as including relaxation contributions originating from 1H-1H and 1H-14N dipole-dipole interactions, the latter leading to Quadrupole Relaxation Enhancement effects. The 1H-1H relaxation contributions have been decomposed into terms associated with dynamical processes on different time scales...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

This article analyzes how couples made up of two mothers redefine their roles when they break up as well as how legal professionals frame the custodial arrangements of these former same-sex couples. To do so, we focus on the case of Quebec, Canada, where parentage equality between mothers was attained as early as in 2002. We rely on individual semi-structured interviews with mothers' ( N  = 17) and legal professionals' accounts ( N  = 23) as well as on court records regarding physical custody arrangements...