Dehydration

The study aims to evaluate corneal healing post amniotic membrane transplantation in controlled corneal defects, justifying its application in routine ophthalmology practice. The objective is to establish a reliable method for assessing the repair process. In three groups of six adult New Zealand rabbits, keratectomy and a monolayer transplant of dehydrated human amniotic membrane (AM) were conducted in the left eye (OS) with the right eye (OD) serving as the control eye. Clinical signs were assessed, and both eyes were enucleated at 1, 2, and 4 weeks for optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements and histological analysis, collecting data from different epithelium, stroma, and limbus regions...

Nowadays, the challenge is to transform dehydrated sewage sludge resulting from wastewater treatment plants from waste into resource. Following this objective, the sludge was further dried and submitted to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analysis. The sludge was first dried in ventilated and unventilated spaces at 50 ∘ C and 100 ∘ C, for 60 and 100 minutes (min) in each case. The final mass and evaporation degree of the sludge depends on the initial mass, ventilation type, drying time, and temperature...

CONTEXT: Exogenous use of potential organic compounds through different modes is a promising strategy for the induction of water stress tolerance in crop plants for better yield. AIMS: The present study aimed to explore the potential role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in inducing water stress tolerance in mungbean lines when applied exogenously through various modes. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in a field with a split-plot arrangement, having three replicates for each treatment...

BACKGROUND: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) can be functionally debilitating in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). OPD induces alterations in safety and efficiency of food and/or liquid ingestion and may incur negative sequalae such as aspiration pneumonia or malnutrition/dehydration. Early detection and timely management of OPD in pwMS could prevent such complications and reduce mortality rates. Identifying risk factors of OPD relative to its onset or repeat manifestation will enable the development of care pathways that target early assessment and sustained management...

BACKGROUND: Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with efficacy in bevacizumab-resistant colorectal cancer models. This phase I/II study evaluated the recommended phase II dose and efficacy of nintedanib and capecitabine in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS: Key eligibility criteria included refractory metastatic colorectal cancer and ECOG performance status of 1 or lower. The primary endpoint was 18-week progression-free survival (PFS). A 1-sided binomial test (at α = ...

One of the reasons for the development or worsening of cognitive impairment (CI) may be the use of a number of drugs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, glucocorticosteroids, antitumor drugs and a number of others. The negative effect of drugs on cognitive functions is realized due to many pathophysiological mechanisms: disruption of hormonal regulation, decreased neuronal excitability, increased activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, decreased cerebral circulation, atrophic changes in the brain; many mechanisms have not been fully established...

An efficient heterogeneous catalytic system for the oxidative aminocarbonylation of alkynes and amines in the presence of CO/O2 to afford substituted propiolamides has been developed. The active nanocatalyst, [Pd/Mg3Al-LDH]-300(D), is composed by Pd nanoaggregates (2-3 nm average particle size) stabilized over a partially dehydrated [Mg3Al-LDH] matrix. The methodology has resulted widely applicable, being the first catalytic system, either homogeneous or heterogeneous, able to activate not only aliphatic amines but also poorly-nucleophilic aromatic amines...

CASE SERIES SUMMARY: This case series describes six cases involving seven cats naturally infected with Cytauxzoon felis in Indiana, USA. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed and all available information on signalment, history, clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment, outcome and pathology was reported. Cats infected with C felis were domestic shorthairs, were aged between 2 and 9 years and all but one of the cats were male. The seven infected cats originated from five counties in southwestern Indiana...

An economical one-pot, three-step reaction sequence of readily available 2-monosubstituted 1,3-diketones and 1,4-benzoquinones has been explored for the facile access of 2,3-dialkyl-5-hydroxybenzofurans. By using cheap K2 CO3 and conc. HCl as the reaction promoters, the reaction occurs smoothly via sequential Michael addition, aromatization, retro-Claisen, deacylation, hemiketalization, and dehydration processes under mild conditions in a practical manner. Additionally, an interesting phenomenon was observed during the derivatization studies, where the dihydroquinoline was converted into tetrahydroquinoline and quinoline products, respectively, via a disproportionation process...

Plasmonic semiconductors with broad spectral response hold significant promise for sustainable solar energy utilization. However, their surface inertness limits the photocatalytic activity. Herein, we propose a novel approach to improve the body crystallinity and increase the surface oxygen vacancies of plasmonic tungsten oxide by the combination of hydrochloric acid regulation and light irradiation, which can promote the adsorption of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) on plasmonic tungsten oxide and overcome the hindrance of the surface depletion layer in photocatalytic alcohol dehydration...

Bacteria utilize various strategies to prevent internal dehydration during hypertonic stress. A common approach to countering the effects of the stress is to import compatible solutes such as glycine betaine, leading to simultaneous passive water fluxes following the osmotic gradient. OpuA from Lactococcus lactis is a type I ABC-importer that uses two substrate-binding domains (SBDs) to capture extracellular glycine betaine and deliver the substrate to the transmembrane domains for subsequent transport. OpuA senses osmotic stress via changes in the internal ionic strength and is furthermore regulated by the 2nd messenger cyclic-di-AMP...

BACKGROUND: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a life-threatening, underdiagnosed, and under-researched complication in treating children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). This study aimed to determine the incidence and onset of RFS and identify biochemical abnormalities, clinical signs, and complications associated with RFS development in children, 0-59 months, treated with SAM in a South African public hospital setting. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed on hospital medical records of children aged 0-59 months, diagnosed with SAM at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Johannesburg, from 1/10/2014 to 31/12/2018...

Polyuria is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy (DN) that produces dehydration in diabetic patients. This could be caused by alteration of renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression. This study aimed to describe the relation between autophagy modulation via intermittent fasting (IF) and renal AQP2 expression and polyuria in case of DN. We divided the rats into control, DN and IF groups. After 2 and 4 weeks of diabetes induction, blood glucose (BG), serum creatinine (Scr), urine volume, and 24 hours urine protein (UP) were examined...

Future colonists on Mars will need to produce fresh food locally to acquire key nutrients lost in food dehydration, the primary technique for sending food to space. In this study we aimed to test the viability and prospect of applying an intercropping system as a method for soil-based food production in Martian colonies. This novel approach to Martian agriculture adds valuable insight into how we can optimise resource use and enhance colony self-sustainability, since Martian colonies will operate under very limited space, energy, and Earth supplies...

Structural determination of carbohydrates using mass spectrometry remains challenging, particularly, the differentiation of anomeric configurations. In this work, we studied the collision-induced dissociation (CID) mechanisms of sodiated α- and β-l-fucose using an experimental method and quantum chemistry calculations. The calculations show that α-l-fucose is more likely to undergo dehydration due to the fact that O1 and O2 are on the same side of the sugar ring. In contrast, β-l-fucose is more prone to the ring-opening reaction because more OH groups are on the same side of the sugar ring as O1...

BACKGROUND: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive drug that is frequently prescribed to patients with rheumatological diseases. MMF's side effects include abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and other gastro-intestinal side effects, which typically appear in the first few months of treatment. However, late-onset diarrhea does not rule out the presence of MMF-induced colitis, which can be misdiagnosed since it is linked to a broad range of histopathological characteristics, including alterations that resemble inflammatory bowel disease, graft-versus-host disease, and ischemia...

OBJECTIVE: Report on a case of pseudoaneurysm which was caused by injury of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES), which was followed by rebleeding after treatment with a Willis covered stent. METHODS: A woman, aged 68, underwent EES for the treatment of a pituitary adenoma. During the surgery, the right ICA was injured, and successfully hemostasis by packed with cottonoid and gelatin sponge. Besides, cerebral angiography was performed in the interventional operating room for the purpose of discovering the formation of a pseudoaneurysm in the cavernous sinus segment of ICA, which was treated with a covered stent...

The freeze-drying is a technology that preserves biological samples in a dry state, which is beneficial for storage, transportation, and cost saving. In this study, the bovine pericardium was treated with a freeze-drying protectant composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and trehalose (Tre), and then freeze-dried. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the pericardium treated with PEG + 10% w/v Tre were superior to those of the pericardium fixed with glutaraldehyde (GA). The wet state water content of the rehydrated pericardium, determined using the Karl Fischer method, was (74...

CONTEXT: Recent studies show increasing use of mechanical ventilation among people living with dementia. There are concerns that this trend may not be driven by patient preferences. OBJECTIVES: To better understand decision-making regarding mechanical ventilation in people living with dementia. METHODS: This was an electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study of older adults with dementia (n=295) hospitalized at one of two teaching hospitals between 2015 and 2019 who were supported with mechanical ventilation (n=191) or died without mechanical ventilation (n=104)...

CRF-like diuretic hormone receptor (CRF/DHR), also known as DH44R in insects, are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that play a role in regulating osmotic balance in various insect species. These receptors have the potential to be targeted for the development of insecticides. However, our understanding of the role of DHR genes in aphids, including Rhopalosiphum padi, a major wheat pest, is currently limited. In this study, we isolated and characterized two R. padi DHRs (RpDHR1 and RpDHR2). The expression levels of RpDHR1 increased after starvation and were restored after re-feeding...