topical cyclosporin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition occurring in both pediatric and adult patients. Pruritus is a clinical hallmark of the disease, and patients with AD often experience disruptions to their quality of life. The pathogenesis of AD is a complex and multifactorial interplay between genetic factors, epidermal barrier disruption, and immune dysregulation. Clinically, AD is characterized by pruritus, eczematous skin changes, and age-specific lesion distribution patterns. Infants and young children tend to have AD lesions on their face and extensor surfaces of their extremities while older children and adults tend to have AD lesions on flexural surfaces of their extremities...

Calcineurin inhibitor pain syndrome (CIPS) is a rare complication of graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). CIPS presents as severe bilateral lower extremity pain, and the incidence, risk factors, and management of CIPS are poorly characterized.This is a single center retrospective study of patients who received tacrolimus (TAC) following alloHCT to describe the characteristics and management of CIPS and compare to a cohort who did not develop CIPS.Fifteen of 585 alloHCT patients (2...

BACKGROUND: The management of post-refractive surgery dry eye disease (DED) can be challenging in clinical practice, and patients usually show an incomplete response to traditional artificial tears, especially when it is complicated with ocular pain. Therefore, we aim to investigate the efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporine A and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate treatment in post-refractive surgery DED patients with ocular pain unresponsive to traditional artificial tears. METHODS: We enrolled 30 patients with post-refractive surgery DED with ocular pain who were unresponsive to traditional artificial tears...

Rosacea is a common chronic skin disease distributed primarily around the central face. Ocular manifestations of rosacea are poorly studied, and estimates of prevalence vary widely, ranging from 6% to 72% in the rosacea population. Treatment options for ocular rosacea include lid hygiene, topical and oral antibiotics, cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion, oral vitamin A derivatives, and intense pulsed light; however, a direct comparison of treatment methods for ocular rosacea is lacking. This review aims to compare treatment efficacy and adverse events for different treatment modalities in ocular rosacea...

A wide range of inherited and acquired conditions can manifest as infantile erythroderma, among which CARD14 -associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE) is a rare cause. An infant boy presented with a psoriasiform rash that progressed to erythroderma and was unresponsive to topical steroids and cyclosporine. The early onset of the disease, its severity and resistance to conventional treatment were suggestive of a genetic cause. Genetic evaluation revealed a homozygous CARD14 variant of uncertain significance establishing the diagnosis of CAPE, and his parents were heterozygous carriers...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common dermatological diagnosis during pregnancy. Treatment of AD during pregnancy can be challenging, due to the unpredictable course and the fact that the therapy needs to be safe for both the mother and the fetus. Here we present an up-to-date appraisal of the literature on the treatment options available for AD in patients planning pregnancy, during pregnancy, and during breastfeeding. All patients with AD are recommended to supplement any medical treatment with daily applications of emollients...

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a potentially life-threatening skin disease. Although several medications are approved for treating GPP in Japan, there are limited data on real-world treatment patterns or drug survival (the number of prescribed days of treatment). This retrospective cohort study describes drug survival and treatment patterns of patients with newly diagnosed GPP (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code L40.1), and ≥1 year of follow-up, using de-identified claims data (Medical Data Vision Co...

BACKGROUND: Topical nanogel-based formulations have shown potential in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this research work was to explore the synergistic effect of Curcumin (CUR) and Cyclosporine (CYC) in combination via a topical route for the management of RA. METHODS: The CUR+CYC loaded nanoemulsion was developed using the spontaneous emulsification technique and was subsequently incorporated into Carbopol® Ultrez 30-NF gel. The effect of the developed formulation on levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264...

A 5 yr old castrated male bichon frise presented with chronic bilateral uveitis that had previously been controlled with systemic steroid administration for 6 mo, resulting in weight gain, polyuria, and polydipsia. To control the uveitis without systemic side effects, oral cyclosporine was started after discontinuing oral steroid, but discontinued one month later because of severe vomiting. Leflunomide (2 mg/kg q 12 hr) was initiated, and the uveitis symptoms resolved after 2 mo. The dose was tapered according to the remission of clinical signs, with no relapse during the following 13 mo...

Immunosuppressants are vital in organ transplantation including facial transplantation (FT) but are associated with persistent side effects. This review article was prepared to compare the two most used immunosuppressants, cyclosporine and tacrolimus, in terms of mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety and to assess recent trials to mitigate their side effects. PubMed and Google Scholar queries were conducted using combinations of the following search terms: "transplantation immunosuppressant," "cyclosporine," "tacrolimus," "calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)," "efficacy," "safety," "induction therapy," "maintenance therapy," and "conversion therapy...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a noninvasive conjunctival goblet cell (GC) imaging method for assessing dry eye disease (DED) in an experimental mouse model. METHODS: Moxifloxacin-based fluorescence microscopy (MBFM) was used to examine GCs noninvasively in 56 mice. Forty-two (42) DED-induced mice were divided into 2 groups and treated topically for 14 days with cyclosporine (CsA) or normal saline (NS). In vivo MBFM imaging and clinical DED evaluations were performed and goblet cell density (GCD) and goblet cell area (GCA) were obtained and compared with histological GCD using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining...

PURPOSE: We compare outcomes in eyes with dry eye disease (DED) treated with TearCare (TC) or topical cyclosporine 0.05% (RESTASIS; CsA). SETTING: Nineteen ophthalmic and optometric practices in 11 US states. DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, assessor-masked, controlled IRB-approved trial. Eligible subjects: ≥22 years of age, dry eye symptoms within 3-6 months, Tear Break-up Time (TBUT) ≥1 to ≤7 s, Meibomian Gland Secretion Score (MGSS) ≤12, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) of 23-79...

Among the currently available commercial eye drops with cyclosporine A (Cs) there is a lack of long-acting dosage forms and products with a concentration of the drug substance higher than 0.1%, although Cs is widely used in ophthalmology. The aim of the research was to conduct the microscopic and biopharmaceutical evaluation of two formulations, an emulsion (EM) and a self-emulsifying oil (SEO), both with 0.5% of Cs, proposed for use in eye drops, and the comparison of both. SEO eye drops with Cs or any other drug substance are currently not available as marketed products, and the highest concentration of Cs in the ocular emulsion is only 0...

IMPORTANCE: Dry eye is a common ocular disease that can have substantial morbidity. Systematic reviews provide evidence for dry eye interventions and can be useful for patients, clinicians, and clinical guideline developers. Overviews of reviews use explicit and systematic methods to synthesize findings from multiple systematic reviews, but currently, there are no overviews of systematic reviews investigating interventions for dry eye. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the results of reliable systematic reviews of dry eye interventions and to highlight the evidence gaps identified...

BACKGROUND: Guidance addressing atopic dermatitis (AD) management, last issued in 2012 by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force, requires updating as a result of new treatments and improved guideline and evidence synthesis methodology. OBJECTIVE: To produce evidence-based guidelines that support patients, clinicians, and other decision-makers in the optimal treatment of AD. METHODS: A multidisciplinary guideline panel consisting of patients and caregivers, AD experts (dermatology and allergy/immunology), primary care practitioners (family medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine), and allied health professionals (psychology, pharmacy, nursing) convened, prioritized equity, diversity, and inclusiveness, and implemented management strategies to minimize influence of conflicts of interest...

PURPOSE: The purpose is to compare the effects of cyclosporine (CsA) on the steroid-refractory mixed-type dry eye (MTDE) and aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 71 patients with levels 3 and 4 dry eye that were refractory to artificial tears and topical steroids. The effects were analyzed using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaires, Schirmer test II, blink patterns, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibomian gland expressibility (MGE) and extent of meibomian gland (MG) dropout (meiboscale)...

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a high disease burden. In this cross-sectional, web-based survey, Global Questions (GQ), the Numerical Rating Scales (NRS) for pruritus, burning sensation and sleep disturbance, the Short-Form-8 (SF-8) Health Survey, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication-9 (TSQM-9) scores were used to assess the current disease burden and treatment satisfaction among patients with PN in Japan...

INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent skin condition causing dry, pruritic, inflammatory skin lesions that can result in patient distress. Various emerging classes of therapy, including biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors, have been developed in recent years. AREAS COVERED: A literature search of PubMed was conducted to explore existing literature and clinical trials. Treatment options and adverse effects were summarized by class and severity. JAK inhibitors and biologics are efficacious options for adults with severe atopic dermatitis...

Cases of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like rash induced by IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab treatment (SI-AD) have been recently reported in psoriasis patients. To identify immune and inflammatory factors expression in SI-AD. A panel of 15 immune and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood samples from various groups, including patients with patients with SI-AD, psoriasis with secukinumab (S-stable), advanced psoriasis patients (Advanced) and healthy controls (HC). Interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-4 and IL-17A were detected in skin tissue biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction...

BACKGROUND: For people with atopic dermatitis (AD) refractory to topical therapies, treatment with phototherapy and systemic therapies can be considered. Multiple biologic therapies and Janus kinase (JAK)inhibitors have been approved since 2014 to treat AD. These guidelines update the 2014 recommendations for management of AD with phototherapy and systemic therapies. OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of phototherapy and systemic therapies for AD in adults...