Mgam

In this study, the α-glucosidase (maltase-glucoamylase: MGAM) and α-amylase inhibitory properties elicited by xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) prepared from dulse xylan were analysed as a potential mechanism to control postprandial hyperglycaemia for type-2 diabetes prevention and treatment. Xylan was purified from red alga dulse powder and used for enzymatic hydrolysis using Sucrase X to produce XOSs. Fractionation of XOSs produced xylobiose (X2), β-(1→3)-xylosyl xylobiose (DX3), xylotriose (X3), β-(1→3)-xylosyl-xylotriose (DX4), and a dulse XOS mixture with n ≥ 4 xylose units (DXM)...

As the most abundant gram-negative bacterial order in the gastrointestinal tract, Bacteroidales bacteria have been extensively studied for their contribution to various aspects of gut health. These bacteria are renowned for their involvement in immunomodulation and their remarkable capacity to break down complex carbohydrates and fibers. However, the human gut microbiota is known to produce many metabolites that ultimately mediate important microbe-host and microbe-microbe interactions. To gain further insights into the metabolites produced by the gut commensal strains of this order, we examined the metabolite composition of their bacterial cell cultures in the stationary phase...

Alpha-glucosidase (maltase, sucrase, isomaltase and glucoamylase) activities which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are present in human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI). Hence, these proteins are important targets to identify drugs against postprandial hyperglycemia thereby for diabetes. To find natural-based drugs against MGAM and SI, Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf was explored for MGAM and SI inhibition in in vitro and in silico. A. heterophyllus leaf aqueous active fraction (AHL-AAF) was prepared using Soxhlet extraction followed by silica column chromatography...

Due to the proliferation of video data in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, in order to reduce the data burden, most social media platforms typically employ downsampling to reduce the resolution of high-resolution (HR) videos before video coding. Consequently, the loss of detail and the introduction of additional artifacts seriously compromise the quality of experience (QoE). Recently, the task of compressive video super-resolution (CVSR) has garnered significant attention, aiming to simultaneously eliminate compression artifacts and enhance the resolution of compressed videos...

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and alterations in bowel pattern, such as constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed (IBS-M). Since malabsorption of ingested carbohydrates (CHO) can cause abdominal symptoms that closely mimic those of IBS, identifying genetic mutations in CHO digestive enzymes associated with IBS symptoms is critical to ascertain IBS pathophysiology. Through candidate gene association studies, we identify several common variants in TREH , SI, SLC5A1 and SLC2A5 that are associated with IBS symptoms...

Under appropriate experimental conditions, some glycoside hydrolases can catalyze transglycosylation reactions; a hypothesis associated with this is that the glycosidic linkages formed will be preferentially hydrolyzed under optimal conditions. Therefore, the hydrolytic and transglycosylation activities of isolated membranes from differentiated Caco-2 cells on sucrose, maltose and isomaltulose were evaluated. After the enzymatic reactions, the di- and trisaccharides obtained were identified by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer...

PURPOSE: To understand and combat the challenges in taking up and implementing technology in rehabilitation settings, the HabITec Lab, a clinical service focused on technology, was piloted for 12-months within a tertiary hospital. This article reports on its preliminary impacts as a clinical service and on clients, including the types of assistive technology (AT) in demand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Referral and administrative data from 25 individuals who attended the HabITec Lab were collated and analysed using descriptive statistics...

BACKGROUND: Myopathies associated with monoclonal gammopathy are relatively uncommon and underrecognized, treatable myopathies, and include sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy, light chain amyloid myopathy, and a recently described vacuolar myopathy with monoclonal gammopathy and stiffness (VAMGS). Herein, we report a new subtype of monoclonal gammopathy-associated myopathy (MGAM) in a polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (POEMS) patient. METHOD: Case report...

The Middle East region experiences a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, yet most genetic studies on vitamin D have focused on European populations. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the genomic risk factors affecting elderly people, who are more susceptible to health burdens. We investigated the genetic determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in elderly Lebanese individuals ( n = 199) through a whole-exome-based genome-wide association study. Novel genomic loci displaying suggestive evidence of association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were identified in our study, including rs141064014 in the MGAM ( p -value of 4...

Depression is a common mental disease, with some patients exhibiting ideas and behaviors such as self-harm and suicide. The drugs currently used to treat depression have not achieved good results. It has been reported that metabolites produced by intestinal microbiota affect the development of depression. In this study, core targets and core compounds were screened by specific algorithms in the database, and three-dimensional structures of these compounds and proteins were simulated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics software to further study the influence of intestinal microbiota metabolites on the pathogenesis of depression...

Hyperlipidemia has become a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and liver injury worldwide. Fructus Phyllanthi (FP) is an effective drug against hyperlipidemia in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Medicine theories, however the potential mechanism requires further exploration. The present research aims to reveal the mechanism of FP against hyperlipidemia based on an integrated strategy combining network pharmacology prediction with metabolomics validation. A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice model was established by evaluating the plasma lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)...

The two major intestinal α-glycosidases, sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), are active towards α-1,4 glycosidic linkages that prevail in starch. These enzymes share striking structural similarities and follow similar biosynthetic pathways. It has been hypothesized that starch digestion can be modulated via "toggling" of activities of these mucosal α-glycosidases, suggesting a possible interaction between these two enzyme complexes in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM)...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with high heterogeneity in clinical presentation. In addition, response to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) varies considerably among patients. Therefore, identifying genetic variants that may contribute to SSRI treatment responses in MDD is essential. In this study, we analyzed the syndromal factor structures of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in 479 patients with MDD by using exploratory factor analysis. All patients were followed up biweekly for 8 weeks...

BACKGROUND: There are currently three known congenital disaccharidase deficiencies: congenital lactase deficiency (CLD), congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSD), and congenital trehalase deficiency (CTD). No congenital deficiency has been described for maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM). METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed for the pathogenic variants CLD, CSD, and CTD and the articles retrieved were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of congenital disaccharidase deficiencies...

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), also known as solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SLC5A2), is a promising target for a new class of drugs primarily established as kidney-targeting, effective glucose-lowering agents used in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Increasing evidence indicates that besides renal effects, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have also a systemic impact via indirectly targeting the heart and other tissues. Our hypothesis states that the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2i are associated with their binding force, location of targets in the SGLT2 networks, targets involvement in signaling pathways, and their tissue-specific expression...

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), characterized by diverse pathological changes, causes low back pain (LBP). However, prophylactic and delaying treatments for IDD are limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the gene network and biomarkers of IDD and suggest potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with IDD were identified by analyzing the mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles of IDD cases from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)...

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignancies of bone in the pediatric and adolescent populations. The morphology and size of osteosarcoma MRI images often show great variability and randomness with different patients. In developing countries, with large populations and lack of medical resources, it is difficult to effectively address the difficulties of early diagnosis of osteosarcoma with limited physician manpower alone. In addition, with the proposal of precision medicine, existing MRI image segmentation models for osteosarcoma face the challenges of insufficient segmentation accuracy and high resource consumption...

Prenatal exposure to addictive drugs can lead to placental epigenetic modifications, but a methylome-wide evaluation of placental DNA methylation changes after prenatal opioid exposure has not yet been performed. Placental tissue samples were collected at delivery from 19 opioid-exposed and 20 unexposed control full-term pregnancies. Placental DNA methylomes were profiled using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. Differentially methylated CpG sites associated with opioid exposure were identified with a linear model using the 'limma' R package...

Prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cancers are major urogenital cancers. Of which, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer death for men in the United States. For urogenital cancers, urine is considered as proximate body fluid to the tumor site for developing non-invasiveness tests. However, the specific molecular signatures from different urogenital cancers are needed to relate changes in urine to various cancer detections. Herein, we utilized a previously published C4-Tip and C18/MAX-Tip workflow for enrichment of glycopeptides from urine samples and evaluated urinary glycopeptides for its cancer specificity...

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of death in numerous countries. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease and analyzing potential biomarkers of AMI is crucial. However, specific diagnostic biomarkers have thus far not been fully established and candidate regulatory targets for AMI remain to be determined. In the present study, the AMI gene chip dataset GSE48060 comprising blood samples from control subjects with normal cardiac function (n=21) and patients with AMI (n=26) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus...