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OBJECTIVE: This is a cross-sectional study using a free depression and suicide screening smartphone application, which contains the data from the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) and a Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). METHOD: The free application was downloaded worldwide from Apple's App Store and Android Market, and the participants who downloaded the application were actively measured. RESULTS: The subjects totaled 208,683 men and women...

INTRODUCTION: The involvement of students in the embodiment of university teaching through peer-assisted learning formats is commonly applied. Publications on this topic exclusively focus on strictly defined situations within the curriculum and selected target groups. This study, in contrast, presents and evaluates a large-scale structured and quality-assured peer teaching programme, which offers diverse and targeted courses throughout the preclinical part of the medical curriculum. METHODS: The large-scale peer teaching programme consists of subject specific and interdisciplinary tutorials that address all scientific, physiological and anatomic subjects of the preclinical curriculum as well as tutorials with contents exceeding the formal curriculum...

Quantitative analysis for thickness, temperature, and mass fraction of liquid film is extremely crucial to the relevant industrial processes, but these parameters cannot be determined simultaneously by conventional measurement techniques. In the present work, a novel measurement method based on laser absorption spectroscopy was developed to measure the film temperature, thickness, and mass fraction of urea-water-solutions simultaneously by combining three wavelengths, 1420 nm, 1488 nm, and 1531 nm. Moreover, measurement accuracy of this method was validated by a calibration tool which provided liquid film with known film thickness, temperature, and mass fraction, respectively...

Many studies have established a major effect of nanoscale confinement on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene (PS), most commonly in thin films with one or two free surfaces. Here, we characterize smaller yet significant intrinsic size effects (in the absence of free surfaces or significant attractive polymer-substrate interactions) on the Tg and fragility of PS. Melt infiltration of various molecular weights (MWs) of PS into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates is used to create nanorods supported on AAO with rod diameter (d) ranging from 24 to 210 nm...

Although ulnar nerve entrapment is the second most common entrapment neuropathy, there is a dearth of studies identifying occupational prognosis factors. We carried out a systematic review of the occupational prognosis factors for ulnar nerve entrapment in order to identify professions at risks and allow better follow-up for their workers. Using the key words, "ulnar OR cubital", "neuropathy OR tunnel", and "work OR occupational" without limitations, original prospective studies were selected from four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) after two rounds (valid design, valid prognosis outcome reported, valid work exposure)...

PURPOSE: To examine trends in female authorship in the journal Emergency Radiology from January 1994 to December 2014. METHODS: We obtained institutional review board approval for our study. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 1617 articles published in the journal Emergency Radiology over a 20-year period. Original articles, case reports, review articles, and pictorial essays were included. The first and last position author's gender was categorized as female or male...

Campylobacter jejuni polysaccharide capsules (CPSs) are characterized by the presence of non-stoichiometric O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) modifications. The lack of stoichiometry is due to phase variation at homopolymeric tracts within the MeOPN transferase genes. C. jejuni strain 81-176 contains two MeOPN transferase genes and has been shown previously to contain MeOPN modifications on the 2- and 6-positions of the galactose (Gal) moiety in the CPS. Here we demonstrate that one of the two MeOPN transferases, encoded by CJJ81176_1435, is bi-functional and responsible for addition of MeOPN to both the 2- and 6-positions of Gal...

BACKGROUND: Insertable cardiac monitors (ICM) are leadless devices utilized in long-term monitoring of the heart rhythm. The implantation procedure of the new-generation ICMs is minimally invasive, but little experience exists regarding complications. We thus aimed to investigate adverse events (AE) according to procedure-related characteristics after implantation of a large number of new-generation ICMs. METHODS: The study population consisted of participants randomized to receive ICM in a multi-center trial...

The prognostic value of clinic and ambulatory BP in predicting incident CKD and whether CKD risk reduction associates with progressive treatment-induced decrease of clinic, awake, or asleep BP are unknown. We prospectively evaluated 2763 individuals without CKD, 1343 men and 1420 women (mean±SD age: 51.5±14.3 years old), with baseline ambulatory BP ranging from normotension to hypertension. On recruitment and annually thereafter (more frequently if hypertension treatment was adjusted on the basis of ambulatory BP), we simultaneously monitored BP and physical activity (wrist actigraphy) for 48 hours to accurately derive individualized mean awake and asleep BP...

Subscapularis tenotomy (ST) has been the standard method of mobilizing the subscapularis during the approach to a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Recently, lesser tuberosity osteotomy (LTO), which avoids subscapularis complications, has gained in popularity. We performed a systematic review to elucidate any differences in clinical or radiographic outcomes between ST and LTO. Using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we identified clinical and/or radiographic TSA studies with minimum mean 2-year follow-up and level I to IV evidence...

State of the art and novel high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies enable fascinating opportunities and applications in the life sciences including microbial genomics. Short high-quality read data already enable not only microbial genome sequencing, yet can be inadequately to solve problems in genome assemblies and for the analysis of structural variants, especially in engineered microbial cell factories. Single-molecule real-time sequencing technologies generating long reads promise to solve such assembly problems...

Two protocols that allow for the comparison of Raman spectra of planktonic cells and biofilm formed from these cells in their growth phase have been developed. Planktonic cells are washed and flash-frozen in <1 min to reduce the time for metabolic changes during processing, prior to freeze-drying. Biofilm is formed by standing cells in 50 μL indentations in aluminum foil in an atmosphere of saturated water vapor for 24-48 h. The results for Escherichia coli type K12 cells, which do not readily form biofilm, are compared to those for Staphylococcus epidermidis cells, which prolifically synthesize biofilm...

OBJECTIVE: Little national data exist regarding service use patterns for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of varying severity. This study aimed to assess the relationship between parent-reported severity and use of educational and health care services. METHODS: Data from the 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services were used to examine a nationally representative sample of 1420 US children aged 6 to 17 years with ASD, with or without developmental delay and intellectual disability...

In Taiwan, oral cancer has causally been associated with environmental carcinogens. CCL4 (C-C chemokine ligand 4), a macrophage inflammatory protein with a key role in inflammation and immune-regulation, was implicated in carcinogenesis by facilitating instability in the tumor environment. The purpose of this study was to identify gene polymorphisms of CCL4 specific to patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics. A total of 2,053 participants, including 1192 healthy people and 861 patients with oral cancer, were recruited for this study...

PURPOSE: Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual loss, but little is known about its epidemiology and clinical characteristics in China. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ocular trauma and assess prognostic factors in Changsha, Hunan, located in South-Central China. METHODS: A retrospective case series (ICD codes: S05) study of ocular trauma in patients was performed at the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014...

AIMS: To grade detrusor voiding contraction three parameters are used: the Schäfer pressure-flow nomogram (LinPURR), the bladder contractility index (BCI) and the maximum Watt factor (Wmax ). Because these methods to quantify detrusor contraction and/or to diagnose detrusor underactivity (DU) have not yet been mutually compared, this study compares these three methods of grading detrusor contraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evaluated were 1420 urodynamic pressure-flow studies from 1222 men (aged >50 years) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)...

Hail region of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the highest adult obesity rates in the entire kingdom and limited information is available about the prevalence and patterns of growth markers. Therefore, it is important to monitor the growth trends to implement effective public health preventive strategies for the region. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of growth profile patterns (stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight) and its associations with nutrient intake and dietary patterns among children and adolescents...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on female-specific cancer in women with obesity. METHODS: The prospective, matched Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study was designed to examine outcomes after bariatric surgery. This study includes 1420 women from the SOS cohort that underwent bariatric surgery and 1447 contemporaneously matched controls who received conventional obesity treatment. Age was 37-60years and BMI was ≥38kg/m(2). Information on cancer events was obtained from the Swedish National Cancer Registry...

BACKGROUND: Hepatic encephalopathy is a disorder of brain function as a result of liver failure or portosystemic shunt or both. Both hepatic encephalopathy (clinically overt) and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (not clinically overt) significantly impair patient's quality of life and daily functioning, and represent a significant burden on healthcare resources. Probiotics are live micro-organisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, may confer a health benefit on the host. OBJECTIVES: To determine the beneficial and harmful effects of probiotics in any dosage, compared with placebo or no intervention, or with any other treatment for people with any grade of acute or chronic hepatic encephalopathy...

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth and fourth most common cause of cancer death in men worldwide and in Taiwan, respectively. AURKA, which encodes a centrosome-related serine/threonine kinase, is frequently amplified and overexpressed in many human cancers, particularly advanced OSCC. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to estimate AURKA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental risk factors to determine OSCC susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics...