monensin

Microenvironmental viscosity is a crucial parameter for biological systems, and its abnormal fluctuations are closely associated with various functional disorders and diseases. However, it is still important and urgent to develop improved near-infrared fluorescent probes for micro-viscosity with dual-organelle targeting properties, low background noise, and high sensitivity. Herein, two BODIPY-based small-molecule fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized, which were explored for their viscosity- and polarity-responsive properties, and were further applied to imaging sub-cellular viscosity in living cells...

Monensin, an antibacterial commonly used in animal fattening, can enter aquatic ecosystems and harm non-target organisms. Since there are no previous studies about the effects of monensin on amphibians, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of a commercial formulation of monensin (CFM) through standardized bioassays with embryos and larvae of the amphibian Rhinella arenarum. Oxidative stress (catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels), cholinesterasic effect (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities) and mutagenicity (micronuclei frequency) biomarkers were evaluated...

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a highly morbid complication in patients with diabetes mellitus, necessitating the development of innovative pharmaceuticals to address unmet medical needs. Sodium ion (Na+ ) is a well-established mediator for membrane potential and osmotic equilibrium. Recently, Na+ transporters have been identified as a functional regulator of regeneration. However, the role of Na+ in the intricate healing process of mammalian wounds remains elusive. Here, we found that the skin wounds in hyponatremic mice display a hard-to-heal phenotype...

This study investigated the effects of the early administration of enrofloxacin (E) or doxycycline (D) for the first 5 consecutive days of life, or the continuous administration of the coccidiostat monensin (M) throughout the rearing period on gastrointestinal function in turkeys infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in an early or later stage of rearing. Experiment 1 lasted 21 d, and turkeys in groups E, D, and M were infected with APEC on d 15. Experiment 2 lasted 56 d, and it had a factorial arrangement of treatments where birds in groups E, D, and M were infected with APEC on d 15 or d 50...

Heifers (n = 40) were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups: (1) control (no additives); (2) virginiamycin (VM; 200 mg/d); (3) monensin (MT; 200 mg/d) + tylosin (110 mg/d); (4) monensin (MLY; 220 mg/d) + live yeast (5.0 × 108 cfu/d); (5) sodium bicarbonate (BUF; 200 g/d) + magnesium oxide (30 g/d).

Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are commonly utilized in feedlot diets to enhance rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the precise effects of combining MON and VM during specific feedlot periods and the advantages of this combination remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on ruminal metabolism, feeding behavior, and nutrient digestibility in Nellore cattle. The experimental design was a 5 × 5 Latin square, where each period lasted 28 days...

Meta-analyses were performed to quantitatively summarize the effects of monensin on in vivo methane (CH4) production in beef cattle, and differentiate these outcomes according to dietary management, dose of monensin, and length of monensin supplementation. Data from 11 manuscripts describing 20 individual studies were used, and CH4 was converted to g/d when required. Studies were classified according to dose of monensin (mg/kg of diet dry matter), length of monensin supplementation prior to the last CH4 measurement, feeding management (ad libitum vs...

We created four fluorescent sensors in our work to determine the viscosity of mitochondria. Following screening, the probe Mito-3 was chosen because in contrast to the other three probes, it had a greater fluorescence enhancement, large Stokes shift (113 nm) and had a particular response to viscosity that was unaffected by polarity or biological species. As the viscosity increased from PBS to 90 % glycerol, the fluorescence intensity of probe at 586 nm increased 17-fold. Mito-3 has strong biocompatibility and is able to track changes in cell viscosity in response to nystatin and monensin stimulation...

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of tannin and monensin supplementation in feedlot diets and breed (Holstein vs. Angus × Holstein) on growth performance, energetic efficiency, and carcass characteristics. Eighty purebred Holstein calves (HOL; initial body weight (BW) = 130 ± 5 kg) and eighty Angus × Holstein calves (AXH; initial BW = 129 ± 6 kg) were blocked by initial BW and randomly assigned to 40 pens. Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based diet supplemented with 1) no feed additive (CON); 2) 30 mg of monensin/ kg of dry matter (DM) (MON; Rumensin 90, Elanco, Greenfield, IN); 3) 1...

The research on fluorescent rotors for viscosity has attracted extensive interest to better comprehend the close relationships of microviscosity variations with related diseases. Although scientists have made great efforts, fluorescent probes for cellular viscosity with both aggregation-induced emissions (AIEs) and large Stokes shifts to improve sensing properties have rarely been reported. Herein, we first report four new meso -C═N-substituted BODIPY-based rotors with large Stokes shifts, investigate their viscosity/AIE characteristics, and perform cellular imaging of the viscosity in subcellular organelles...

This in vitro batch culture study investigated the effects of red osier dogwood (ROD) extract supplementation on gas production (GP), dry matter disappearance (DMD), and fermentation characteristics in high forage (HF) and high grain (HG) diets with varying media pH level. The experiment was a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with 2 media pH (5.8 and 6.5) × 4 dose rates of ROD extract (0, 1, 3, and 5% of DM substrate). An additional treatment of monensin was added as a positive control for each pH level...

Our previously published companion papers demonstrated improved production performance and energetic metabolism in cows fed diets with increased propiogenic potential in early lactation. Study objectives were to further explore effects of dietary starch content and monensin on hepatic gene expression of key enzymes related to gluconeogenesis and fatty acid metabolism in early lactation. From d 1 to 21 postpartum, primiparous (n = 16) and multiparous (n = 33) Holstein cows were fed a high (HS; 26.2% starch, 34...

This study compared 2 herbal anticoccidiosis drugs (water-soluble and feed-additive drugs) with monensin coccidiostat, toltrazuril (TTZ, anticoccidiosis drug), and Livacox Q (anticoccidiosis vaccine) in terms of their effects on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers. In this study, 280 Ross 308 broiler chickens (a mix of both genders) were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 5 replications each including 8 chickens per replicate. On d 21 of rearing, all experimental groups, except for the negative control group (NC), were challenged with a mixed suspension of common strains of Eimeria, and the intended indices were assessed, including performance indices, number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces, intestinal injuries, and the total number of intestinal bacteria...

INTRODUCTION: We have demonstrated that transposons derived from ctDNA can be transferred between cancer cells. The present research aimed to investigate the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of Multiple Myeloma-zip code (MM-ZC), a cell-specific zip code, in myeloma cell lines. We demonstrated that MM-ZC uptake by myeloma cells was concentration-, time- and cell-type-dependent. METHODS: Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy methods were used to identify the level of internalization of the zip codes in MM cells...

Pituitary tumors (PTs) represent about 10% of all intracranial tumors, and most are benign. However, some PTs exhibit continued growth despite multimodal therapies. Although temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, is a first-line medical treatment for aggressive PTs, some PTs are resistant to TMZ. Existing literature indicated the involvement of autophagy in cell growth in several types of tumors, including PTs, and autophagy inhibitors have anti-tumor effects. In this study, the expression of several autophagy-inducible genes, including Atg3, Beclin1, Map1lc3A, Map1lc3b, Ulk1, Wipi2, and Tfe3 in two PT cell lines, the mouse corticotroph AtT-20 cells and the rat mammosomatotroph GH4 cells were identified...

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of monensin sodium (Coxidin®) as a coccidiostat for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, turkeys for fattening and turkeys reared for breeding. The additive currently on the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that Coxidin® remains safe for turkeys for fattening (up to 16 weeks) and extends this conclusion to turkeys reared for breeding (up to 16 weeks)...

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Enterococcus lactis NCIMB 11181 (Lactiferm®) as a zootechnical additive (gut flora stabiliser) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, other poultry species for fattening or reared for laying, and ornamental birds. The additive is available in two formulations: Lactiferm WS200 and Lactiferm Basic 50. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of the additive is safe for chickens for fattening or reared for laying, other poultry species for fattening or reared for laying, and ornamental birds...

In the United States, a generic Type A medicated article product can gain the FDA approval by demonstrating bioequivalence (BE) to the pioneer product by successfully conducting a blood level, pharmacodynamic, or clinical BE study. A biowaiver can be granted based on several criteria, assuming the dissolution of the test and reference products represents the only factor influencing the relative bioavailability of both products. Monensin is practically insoluble in H2 O per the USP definition. Previously published data from a comparison study of monensin dissolution profiles from the pioneer product and four generic products using biorelevant media showed that generic monensin products demonstrated different dissolution profiles to the pioneer product in these USP biorelevant rumen media...

The combination of ionophoric coccidiostats and amino acids (AAs) is important in poultry feeding to enhance immunity and improve the growth and feed efficiency of birds suffering from coccidiosis. A simple, rapid, and economical high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method for the simultaneous determination of three ionophoric coccidiostats, namely salinomycin (SAL), maduramicin (MAD), and monensin (MON) in addition to three AAs; L-tryptophan (L-TRP), alpha-ketoleucin (KLEU), and L-valine (L-VAL) in feed premixes was developed and validated...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex and somewhat unpredictable phenomenon. Historically, the utilization of avoparcin in intensive farming during the latter part of the previous century led to the development of resistance to vancomycin, a crucial antibiotic in human medicine with life-saving properties. Currently, in the European Union, there is a growing reliance on the ionophore antibiotic monensin (MON), which acts both as a coccidiostat in poultry farming and as a preventative measure against ketosis in lactating cows...