Strong+ion

Responsive organic luminescent aggregates have a wide range of application fields, but currently there is still a lack of reasonable molecular design strategies. Introducing ion-π interactions into molecules can effectively alter their luminescent properties. However, current research typically focuses on ion localization at luminescent conjugated groups with the strong interaction forces. In this work, we introduce the flexible alkoxy chain spacers between fluorescent conjugated groups and ion-π interaction sites, and then adjust the fluorescence performance of the molecule by changing the strength of ion-π interactions...

BACKGROUND: Patients with status asthmaticus (SA) frequently present with lactic acidosis (LA). Our goal is to identify the nature of this LA using the Stewart physicochemical model and to identify the independent factors associated with LA in children with SA. METHODS: Analytical study of a retrospective cohort using a nested case-control design. Twenty-eight episodes of SA in 24 children were included. Patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for SA over a 9-year period were recruited consecutively...

BACKGROUND: Short-term acid-base effects of 0.9% saline solution infusion are not well described. Aim of this study was to assess the effects of a fluid challenge with 0.9% saline in critically ill patients according to the Stewart's approach, which allows a precise determination of acid base equilibrium. METHODS: In 40 mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, acid-base variables according to Stewart's approach were measured before and after 30 minutes from the infusion of 0...

The aim of this study was to describe renal chloride metabolism following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in pediatric patients. A prospective observational trial in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with 20 recruited patients younger than 2 years following CPB surgery was conducted. Urinary electrolytes, plasma urea, electrolytes, creatinine, and arterial blood gases were collected preoperatively, on admission to PICU and at standardized intervals thereafter. The urinary and plasma strong ion differences (SID) were calculated from these results at each time point...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term effects on acid base, electrolyte status and urine output of a single fluid bolus of saline to that of the balanced solution Plasmalyte® in critically ill patients. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to the ICU receiving a fluid bolus were randomized to receive 1 L of saline (NaCl 0.9%, Baxter) or a balanced fluid [Plasmalyte® (Baxter)]. Blood samples and urine output were collected just before (T0), just after (T1), 2 h after (T2) (only for urinary output) and three hours after termination of the fluid bolus (T4)...

It is commonly assumed that changes in plasma strong ion difference (SID) result in equal changes in whole-blood base excess (BE). However, at varying pH, albumin ionic-binding and transerythrocyte shifts alter the SID of plasma without affecting that of whole-blood (SIDwb ), i.e. , the BE. We hypothesize that, during acidosis, 1) an expected plasma SID (SIDexp ) reflecting electrolytes redistribution can be predicted from albumin and hemoglobin's charges, and 2) only deviations in SID from SIDexp reflect changes in SIDwb , and therefore, BE...

BACKGROUND: Lung- and diaphragm-protective (LDP) ventilation may prevent diaphragm atrophy and patient self-inflicted lung injury in acute respiratory failure, but feasibility is uncertain. The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of patients achieving LDP targets in different modes of ventilation, and to identify predictors of need for extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2 R) to achieve LDP targets. METHODS: An in silico clinical trial was conducted using a previously published mathematical model of patient-ventilator interaction in a simulated patient population (n = 5000) with clinically relevant physiological characteristics...

High-energy radiation detectors with a good imaging resolution, fast response, and high sensitivity are desired to operate at a high electric field. However, strong ion migration triggered by electrochemical reactions at the interface between a high-potential electrode and an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite limits the stability of radiation detectors under a high electric field. Herein, we demonstrate that such ion migration could be effectively suppressed in devices with a Ti cathode, even at a high electric field of 50 V mm-1 , through time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of FENa (Fractional excretion of sodium), FEK (fractional excretion of potassium) and uSID (urinary strong ion difference) in predicting pAKI in sepsis and septic shock. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Two intensive care units in Argentina. PATIENTS: Adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock and AKI, and had a urinary biochemistry within 24h of the AKI diagnosis...

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were (1) to determine the associations of cardioplegic solutions with postoperative main strong ion difference (mSID), which is the difference between sodium ion concentration and chloride ion concentration ([Cl- ]) and (2) to determine the associations of cardioplegic solutions with markers of organ dysfunction. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients aged <5 years who underwent cardiac surgery in a tertiary teaching hospital were included...

Inspired by the Stewart-Figge acid-base approach, Gattinoni et al. recently introduced a new internal milieu parameter known as alactic base excess (ABE). The authors defined ABE as the sum of lactate and standard base excess. In the context of sepsis, ABE has been proposed as a valuable marker to discern between metabolic acidosis resulting from the accumulation of lactate and the retention of fixed acids, which can occur in cases of renal failure. Multiple studies have demonstrated that a negative ABE value (<-3 mmol/L) represents an early marker of renal dysfunction, and significantly correlates with higher mortality rates in septic patients...

The branched network-driven ion solvating quasi-solid polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) are prepared via one-step photochemical reaction. A poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) is combined with an ion-conducting solvate ionic liquid (SIL), where tetraglyme (TEGDME), which acts like interneuron in the human brain and creates branching network points, is mixed with EMIM-NTf2 and Li-NTf2 . The QSPE exhibits a unique gyrified morphology, inspired by the cortical surface of human brain, and features well-refined nano-scale ion channels...

BACKGROUND: The difference between serum sodium and chloride ion concentrations (SCD) may be considered as a surrogate of a strong ion difference and may help to identify patients with a worse prognosis. We aimed to assess SCD as an early prognostic marker among patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Data of 594 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with PCI (44.9% STEMI patients; 70.7% males) was analysed for SCD in relation to their 30-day mortality...

Localization of lipidomes and tracking their spatial changes in tissues by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) plays an important role in unveiling the mechanisms of living processes, diseases and therapeutic treatments. However, it is always challenging to achieve direct MSI of poorly-ionizable lipids, such as glycolipids and glycerolipids, due to the strong ion suppression and isobaric peaks interference from high-abundance phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in tissues. Here we developed a photocatalytic degradation-based ambient liquid extraction MSI method to largely enhance the detection coverage of poorly-ionizable lipids by rapid online removal of PCs in MSI...

BACKGROUND: Stewart's approach is known to have better diagnostic accuracy for the identification of metabolic acid-base disturbances compared to traditional methods based either on plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3 - ]) and anion gap (AG) or on base excess/deficit (BE). This study aimed to identify metabolic acid-base disorders using either Stewart's or traditional approaches in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, to recognize potential hidden acid-base metabolic abnormalities and to assess the prognostic value of these abnormalities for patient outcome...

Crystalline (Cry) proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used in transgenic crops to control important insect pests. Bt crops have many benefits compared with traditional broad-spectrum insecticides, including improved pest control with reduced negative impacts on off-target organisms and fewer environmental consequences. Transgenic corn and cotton producing Cry2Ab Bt toxin are used globally to control several major lepidopteran pests, including the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera...

The high freezing point of polybromides, charging products, is a significant obstacle to the rapid development of zinc-bromine flow batteries (Zn-Br2 FBs). Here, a choline-based complexing agent (CCA) is constructed to liquefy the polybromides at low temperatures. Depending on quaternary ammonium group, choline can effectively complex with polybromide anions and form dense oil-phase that has excellent antifreezing property. Benefiting from indispensable strong ion-ion interaction, the highly selectively compatible CCA, consisting of choline and N-methyl-N-ethyl-morpholinium salts (CCA-M), can be achieved to further enhance bromine fixing ability...

Background This study aimed to analyze acid-base imbalance by assessing the arterial blood gas (ABG) samples of the medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients by the Stewart approach and demonstrate the advantages of this method in delineating the acid-base status in cases where Henderson-Hasselbalch, anion gap, and base excess cannot optimally depict the imbalance and create recognition in the clinicians in this regard.  Methodology Adult (i.e., age > 18 years) patients admitted to the ICU of our institution during a one-year study period were included in this study...

Sodium metal has become one of the most promising anodes for next-generation cheap and high-energy-density metal batteries; however, challenges caused by the uncontrollable sodium dendrites growth and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) restrict their large-scale practical applications in low-cost and wide-voltage-window carbonate electrolytes. Herein, a novel multifunctional separator with lightweight and high thinness is proposed, assembled by the cobalt-based metal-organic framework nanowires (Co-NWS), to replace the widely applied thick and heavy glass fiber separator...

BACKGROUND: There is no optimal timing for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is a reason for the increased unmeasured anions, which refers to the increased organic acids in the blood, and they can be detected by calculating strong ion gap (SIG). SIG level at the moment of the AKI diagnosis may be a predictor for the initiation of CRRT. METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with AKI in the first week of the intensive care unit (ICU) period were included in this prospective observational study...