Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung. C, A Journal of Biosciences

Black rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a rich source of phenolics and anthocyanins. It was aimed to investigate the effect of different extraction methods such as conventional solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) on antioxidant activity and phenolic profiling of black rice free, esterified, and bound phenolics fractions. Spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluate antioxidant activity and HPTLC was used for phenolics profiling. The highest content of % yield, total anthocyanin (TAC), total phenolic (TPC), and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were detected in MAE...

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes are a common catalytic enzyme in many organisms. Vertebrates and invertebrates have different CA isoforms. Sixteen different isozymes of the α-CA isoform found in vertebrates have been identified so far. The main task of this enzyme is to catalyze the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions in the body. It is widely distributed in many organs and tissues. They are involved in important physiological processes such as pH and CO2 homeostasis, biosynthetic reactions such as gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ureagenesis, bone resorption, calcification, tumorigenicity, and electrolyte secretion...

A series of new benzoxazole-hydrazone and benzoxazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic agents toward human A549 lung cancer cells. Compounds 3d, 3e, 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e were the most potent compounds with IC50 values of <3.9, 10.33, 11.6, 5.00, <3.9 and 4.5 μg/mL, respectively, which are higher than reference drug cisplatin (IC50  = 19.00 μg/mL). The flow cytometry-based apoptosis detection assay was performed to determine their effects on apoptosis in A549 cells...

Eleven compounds were isolated and identified from ethanolic extracts of Solanum virginianum fruits, including two new compounds ( 1 - 2 ) and nine known compounds ( 3 - 11 ). Their structures were determined to be melongenaterpene C15- O - β -D-glucopyranoside ( 1 ), (9 Z )-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl -hexadeca-1,6,10-triene-3,5,14,15-tetraol-5- O - β -D-glucopyranoside ( 2 ), actini-dioionoside A ( 3 ), byzantionoside B ( 4 ), citroside A ( 5 ), 7Z-roseoside ( 6 ), matenoside A ( 7 ), megastigmane ( 8 ), dihydrophaseic acid 3'- O - β -D-glucopyranoside ( 9 ), taraxerol ( 10 ), and huzhangoside C ( 11 )...

Melanogenesis is the process where skin pigment melanin is produced through tyrosinase activity. Overproduction of melanin causes skin disorders such as freckles, spots, and hyperpigmentation. Myricetin 3- O -galactoside (M3G) is a dietary flavonoid with reported bioactivities. M3G was isolated from Limonium tetragonum and its anti-melanogenic properties were investigated in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. The in vitro anti-melanogenic capacity of M3G was confirmed by inhibited tyrosinase and melanin production...

A new isoindole alkaloid, 6-hydroxy-2-(4'''-hydroxy-3'''-methoxyphenethyl)-4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1 H -benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2 H )-dione, named oleraisoindole B was isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., its structure was elucidated using NMR and UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS spectroscopic methods, and presented anti-inflammatory activity at 5 μM.

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The exact structure of phloridzin was further confirmed as phloretin 6'- O -glucopyranoside by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. The distribution changes of phloridzin in flowering, fruitlet, and fruit ripening phases of Malus rockii were quantified by an HPLC with an external standard. The concentrations of phloridzin in leaves, twigs, and bark and xylem of twigs increased at first and then decreased, and reached the highest value in the fruitlet period. The highest concentration of phloridzin was found in leaves, with the percentage contents of 10...

This study was to compare GABase [a mixture of γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase] and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 20 herbal extracts and investigate the isolation, structural elucidation and those inhibitory activities of three acylated flavonol monoglycosides from the selected extract of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel). On the basis of the NMR spectroscopic data and the ESI MS spectra together with the comparison with the literature values, three compounds were identified as kaempferol-3- O -(4″- E - p -coumaroyl)- α -l-rhamnopyranoside ( 1 ), kaempferol-3- O -(3″,4″-di- E - p -coumaroyl)- α -l-rhamnopyranoside ( 2 ) and kaempferol-3- O -(2″,4″-di- E - p -coumaroyl)- α -l-rhamnopyranoside ( 3 ), respectively...

Tuliposides (Pos) are major defense-related secondary metabolites in tulip, having 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyl and/or (3 S )-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyl groups at the C-1 and/or C-6 positions of d-glucose. The acyl group at the C-6 position is converted to antimicrobial lactones (tulipalins) by an endogenous Pos-converting enzyme. Based on this enzyme activity, we examined tulip bulb extracts and detected HPLC peaks that disappeared following the reaction by the Pos-converting enzyme. Spectroscopic analyses of the three purified compounds revealed that one of them was a glucose ester-type Pos, while the other two were identified as a glucoside ester-type Pos...

Ricinus communis L. is a medicinal plant that displays valuable pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. This study targeted to isolate and identify some constituents of R. communis leaves using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) and different chromatographic techniques. In vitro anti-MERS and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for different fractions and for two pure isolated compounds, lupeol (RS) and ricinine (RS1) were evaluated using a plaque reduction assay with three different mechanisms and IC50 based on their cytotoxic concentration (CC50 ) from an MTT assay using Vero E6 cell line...

A systematic chemical study of the secondary metabolites of the marine fungus, Penicillium chrysogenum (No. Y20-2), led to the isolation of 21 compounds, one of which is new (compound 3 ). The structures of the 21 compounds were determined by conducting extensive analysis of the spectroscopic data. The pro-angiogenic activity of each compound was evaluated using a zebrafish model. The results showed that compounds 7 , 9 , 16 , and 17 had strong and dose-dependent pro-angiogenic effects, with compound 16 demonstrating the strongest pro-angiogenic activity, compounds 6 , 12 , 14 , and 18 showing moderate activity, and compounds 8 , 13 , and 19 exhibiting relatively weak activity...

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCSs) are implicated in viral infection and host antiviral innate immune response. Recent studies demonstrate that viruses can hijack SOCSs to inhibit Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, block the production and signaling of interferons (IFNs). At the same time, viruses can hijack SOCS to regulate non-IFN factors to evade antiviral response. Host cells can also regulate SOCSs to resist viral infection. The competition of the control of SOCSs may largely determine the fate of viral infection and the susceptibility or resistance of host cells, which is of significance for development of novel antiviral therapies targeting SOCSs...

The current study describes the chemical identification, antimicrobial, and mosquito larvicidal activities of essential oils from Meistera caudata and Conamomum vietnamense , growing in Vietnam. Essential oils were extracted from the leaves and rhizomes, and characterized by the GC-FID/MS (gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry) analysis. Monoterpenes (33.1-89.2 %) were the main chemical class found in these oils. β -Pinene (30.8 %) and α -pinene (23.8 %) were two major compounds in M...

The study was conducted to find new adaptive commercial sweet white lupin ( Lupinus albus L.) varieties and evaluate the effect of inoculum on herbage and seed yields of white and blue lupin varieties in Ethiopia for two growing seasons in two locations. For the experiment a factorial arrangement (seven variety * two inoculation) in a randomized complete block design with three replication was used. Three sweet blue (Bora, Sanabor and Vitabor), three sweet white (Dieta, Energy and Feodora) and one bitter white local landrace lupin varieties were tested in the experiment...

Aging is a natural phenomenon, which is characterised by progressive physiological changes at cellular and organ level. During aging, the defence mechanism of an organism declines over the period of time. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological efficacy of berberine in D-galactose induced aging rat models. For the study, rats were divided into four groups: Control received only vehicle, BBR received berberine orally, D-Gal received D-galactose subcutaneously and BBR + D-Gal received D-galactose and berberine simultaneously...

Common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive plant in Europe with spreading use in the contemporary folk medicine. The chemical composition of the above-ground parts is extensively studied, however, the metabolites of the roots are less discovered. By multiple chromatographic purification of the root extracts, we isolated thiophene A ( 1 ), n -dodecene ( 2 ), taraxerol-3- O -acetate ( 3 ), α -linoleic acid ( 4 ), (+)-pinoresinol ( 5 ), and thiophene E (7,10-epithio-7,9-tridecadiene-3,5,11-triyne-1,2-diol) ( 6 )...

Knema is one of the genera in the Myristicaceae family. The genus includes 60 species in Southeast Asia and is traditionally used for treating skin disorders. Here, for the first time, the essential oil, anti-tyrosinase, and molecular docking studies of Knema intermedia were evaluated. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-tyrosinase activity was evaluated against mushroom tyrosinase, whereas molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock vina embedded in PyRx to evaluate the binding interactions of major components...

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In this study, the fatty acid, carbohydrate, and mineral profiles and proximate composition of Halopteris scoparia , Padina pavonica , Zanardinia typus , Cladostephus spongiosum , Sargassum vulgare , and Sargassum acinarium brown macroalgae collected from Türkiye seas were determined. According to the results, the ash and total carbohydrate contents of all macroalgae ranged from 20.79 to 53.49% in dry weight (dw) and from 15.32 to 55.13% dw, respectively. Their protein, lipid and crude fiber contents changed between 4...