PD

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) often will ultimately require dialysis to survive. One type of dialysis is peritoneal dialysis (PD), which utilizes the vessel-rich peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane to filter blood. In order to perform PD, a tunneled catheter must be placed through the abdominal wall and into the peritoneal space, with ideal positioning of the catheter within the most dependent portion of the pelvis, represented by the rectouterine or rectovesical space in women and men, respectively...

INTRODUCTION: Peritonitis remains a potentially serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. It is therefore important to identify risk factors in order to reduce the incidence of peritonitis. The aim of the present analysis was to identify factors associated with time to first peritonitis episode. METHODS: Incident PD patients from 57 centres in Europe participated in the prospective randomised controlled Peritonitis Prevention Study (PEPS) from 2010 to 2015...

The major trials in peritoneal dialysis (PD) have demonstrated that increasing peritoneal clearance of small solutes is not associated with any advantage on survival, whereas sodium and fluid overload heralds higher risk of death and technique failure. On the other hand, higher sodium and fluid overload due to loss of residual kidney function (RKF) and higher transport membrane is associated with poor patient and technique survival. Recent experimental studies also show that, independently from fluid overload, sodium accumulation in the peritoneal interstitium exerts direct inflammatory and angiogenetic stimuli, with consequent structural and functional changes of peritoneum, while in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease sodium stored in interstitial skin acts as independent determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy...

Chronic congestive heart failure (HF) has a rising prevalence and increasing impact on health care systems. Current treatment consists of diuretics, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, and restriction of salt and fluids. This strategy is often hampered by a drop in effective circulating volume and hence renal perfusion and function, triggering harmful counter regulatory mechanisms. Slow ultrafiltration by peritoneal dialysis (PD) might be an effective treatment strategy to relieve fluid overload without compromising cardiac output and thereby renal function...

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) often accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the elderly. This clinical condition is a critical socio-medical issue, because high-dose diuretic therapy stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and sympathetic nervous system outflow, and may thus result in vicious cycles of cardio-renal deterioration, leading to excess hospitalization and death. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy used for maintenance dialysis, and is characterized by the continuous removal of fluid...