collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37482079/labial-anatomy-concerns-in-the-adolescent-a-review
#1
REVIEW
Ashli A Lawson, Julie L Strickland
Labial size concerns are an increasingly common chief complaint by both adolescents and adults despite studies showing a wide variation in sizes of the labia minora in the prepubertal, adolescent, and adult population. A thorough history will elucidate what or whom is driving the concerns, which can then direct management. Educating the patient, caregiver, and referring physician is often all that is needed. Surgery should never be used for cosmetic reasons in a minor.
December 2023: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36630623/primary-ovarian-insufficiency
#2
REVIEW
Cynthia A Stuenkel, Anne Gompel
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 388, Issue 2, Page 154-163, January 2023.
January 12, 2023: New England Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35203298/progesterone-actions-and-resistance-in-gynecological-disorders
#3
REVIEW
James A MacLean, Kanako Hayashi
Estrogen and progesterone and their signaling mechanisms are tightly regulated to maintain a normal menstrual cycle and to support a successful pregnancy. The imbalance of estrogen and progesterone disrupts their complex regulatory mechanisms, leading to estrogen dominance and progesterone resistance. Gynecological diseases are heavily associated with dysregulated steroid hormones and can induce chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, heavy bleeding, and infertility, which substantially impact the quality of women's lives...
February 13, 2022: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35136207/uterine-bleeding-how-understanding-endometrial-physiology-underpins-menstrual-health
#4
REVIEW
Varsha Jain, Rohan R Chodankar, Jacqueline A Maybin, Hilary O D Critchley
Menstruation is a physiological process that is typically uncomplicated. However, up to one third of women globally will be affected by abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) at some point in their reproductive years. Menstruation (that is, endometrial shedding) is a fine balance between proliferation, decidualization, inflammation, hypoxia, apoptosis, haemostasis, vasoconstriction and, finally, repair and regeneration. An imbalance in any one of these processes can lead to the abnormal endometrial phenotype of AUB...
May 2022: Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34718078/interdisciplinary-management-of-malignant-ovarian-tumors-in-the-pediatric-and-adolescent-age-group
#5
REVIEW
Anam Khaja, Lindsay Frazier, Brent R Weil, Christopher B Weldon, Marc R Laufer, Jessica Shim
Malignant ovarian neoplasms are uncommon in the pediatric and adolescent population. Imaging and tumor markers help to guide the preoperative risk/benefit analysis for planned surgical management, which is the mainstay of therapy. An interdisciplinary approach should be taken in the management of this vulnerable population from diagnosis through post-treatment surveillance. In this review, the initial evaluation, risk stratification, and management of various types of malignant ovarian masses will be addressed with a special focus on how to optimize an interdisciplinary approach to ovarian masses...
October 27, 2021: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34545843/menstrual-cycle-length-and-modern-living-a-review
#6
REVIEW
Lily R Campbell, Ariel L Scalise, Brett T DiBenedictis, Shruthi Mahalingaiah
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to evaluate biological, life history, environmental, and lifestyle factors and exposures that cause variability in menstrual cycle length (MCL). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent literature has detailed a number of factors that influence MCL, with particular emphasis placed on novel environmental exposures, such as air pollution and endocrine disrupting chemicals. SUMMARY: MCL varies widely in response to intrinsic and extrinsic inputs and is a useful predictor of reproductive health and fecundability...
December 1, 2021: Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33727191/what-the-pediatric-and-adolescent-gynecology-clinician-needs-to-know-about-acne
#7
REVIEW
Amanda Rusk, Kalyani Marathe, Anne W Lucky
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition encountered in specialties outside of dermatology, including obstetrics and gynecology. The pathophysiology of acne is complex and includes disruption of the cutaneous microbiome, abnormal keratinization, inflammation, and hormonal influences. Various topical and systemic treatment modalities target each component of acne pathophysiology. Clinically, acne can be broken down into noninflammatory, inflammatory, or mixed subtypes. The age of the patient at presentation and signs and symptoms of hormonal imbalance might prompt workup for underlying disorders...
October 2021: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33613678/the-menstrual-disturbances-in-endocrine-disorders-a-narrative-review
#8
REVIEW
Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz, Marzieh Rostami Dovom, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
CONTEXT: Menstrual cycle is considered the fifth vital sign among women. This study aimed to summarize the menstrual disturbances in different endocrine disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: In this narrative review, relevant studies (up to December 2019) were searched based on the MeSH keywords diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding, and menstruation. Databases used for searching articles included Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science for observational, experimental, and review studies...
October 2020: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33338627/gynecologic-care-for-pediatric-and-adolescent-patients-undergoing-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation
#9
REVIEW
Katherine E Debiec, Nicole Todd
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat many chronic and acute malignant and nonmalignant conditions. We review hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and its effect on the gynecologic health of pediatric and adolescent patients, including pretransplantation evaluation, contraception, menstrual suppression, sexual health, fertility, primary ovarian insufficiency, and graft vs host disease. Comprehensive and team-based care provides optimal anticipatory counseling, evaluation, and management of acute and ongoing gynecologic issues...
April 2021: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32041388/dysmenorrhea-endometriosis-and-chronic-pelvic-pain-in-adolescents
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aalia Sachedina, Nicole Todd
Most adolescents will experience discomfort during menstruation. Due to normalization of dysmenorrhea, there is delay to diagnosis and treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories are a first line treatment. Adolescents can safely be offered menstrual suppression with combined hormonal contraception, and progestin-only options. When the above are ineffective, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists with add back treatment can be considered. Transabdominal ultrasound is indicated when first line treatments do not improve symptoms...
February 6, 2020: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32041387/approach-to-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-in-adolescents
#11
REVIEW
Cenk Yaşa, Funda Güngör Uğurlucan
This article reviews the current understanding and management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in adolescents. It is hoped that this review will provide readers with an approach to the evaluation and treatment of mild to severe uterine bleeding. AUB is a common problem which has significantly adverse effects on an affected adolescent’s quality of life. The most common underlying condition in AUB in adolescence is anovulation. During the evaluation, pregnancy, trauma and sexually transmitted diseases must be ruled out, regardless of history...
February 6, 2020: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32041389/where-have-the-periods-gone-the-evaluation-and-management-of-functional-hypothalamic-amenorrhea
#12
REVIEW
Marie Eve Sophie Gibson, Nathalie Fleming, Caroline Zuijdwijk, Tania Dumont
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a common cause of amenorrhea in adolescent girls. It is often seen in the setting of stress, weight loss, or excessive exercise. FHA is a diagnosis of exclusion. Patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea should be evaluated for other causes of amenorrhea before a diagnosis of FHA can be made. The evaluation typically consists of a thorough history and physical examination as well as endocrinological and radiological investigations. FHA, if prolonged, can have significant impacts on metabolic, bone, cardiovascular, mental, and reproductive health...
February 6, 2020: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32041391/management-of-menstrual-and-gynecologic-concerns-in-girls-with-special-needs
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Özlem Dural, İnci Sema Taş, Süleyman Engin Akhan
For girls with physical and developmental disabilities and their families/caregivers, puberty and menstruation can present significant problems such as vulnerability, abuse risk, unintended pregnancies, difficulties with managing menstrual hygiene, abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, behavioral difficulties/mood concerns or changes in seizure pattern. Healthcare providers may have an important and positive impact for both the adolescents and their families/caregivers during this stage of life. Whether menstrual manipulation is indicated should be decided after a detailed history is taken from both the patient and the caregivers to determine the impact of current problems on quality of life...
February 6, 2020: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32041392/hormone-replacement-therapy-in-a-patient-with-hypogonadism-and-coexisting-medical-conditions
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Özlem Dural, Şükran Poyrazoğlu
In adolescents and young women, there is limited data on the type of replacement, route of administration, and ideal doses to be used in systemic hormone therapy administered for the treatment of hypogonadism. In particular, management of patients with complicated systemic diseases or at risk of thrombophilia may present significant challenges. We present a case of a 15-year-old adolescent girl with hypogonadism and coexisting medical conditions, who was evaluated for systemic hormone therapy.
February 6, 2020: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32041393/conservative-management-of-vaginal-hypoplasia
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Özlem Dural, Şükran Poyrazoğlu
In patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), management of vaginal hypoplasia includes non-surgical or surgical vaginal elongation techniques. For these patients, primary vaginal dilation is considered a first-line option to avoid the risks of having surgery and complications that may occur due to these procedures. Non-surgical dilation is a highly successful treatment if treatment is initiated when the patient is emotionally mature and ready...
February 6, 2020: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31922955/progestogen-only-pills-which-progestogen-would-be-ideal
#16
REVIEW
Christian Egarter
Compared with nonuse, combined hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and a progestogen are associated with a roughly 2- to 3-fold increased risk of venous and a 2-fold increased risk of arterial thromboembolism, including stroke and acute myocardial infarction. These events are, however, overall rare among women of reproductive age. Historically, progestin-only pills were not thought to be linked with any thromboembolic risk increase. Therefore, these preparations may be valuable options in women who are ineligible to take combined hormonal contraceptives...
January 10, 2020: Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31828604/premature-ovarian-insufficiency-in-adolescence-a-chance-for-early-diagnosis
#17
REVIEW
Lina Michala, Katerina Stefanaki, Dimitris Loutradis
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is typically diagnosed when amenorrhea is combined with high gonadotrophins and hypoestrogenemia in a woman under 40 years of age, although, more rarely, POI can develop in adolescence and present with delayed puberty or amenorrhea, depending on the timing of follicular depletion or insult to the ovary. In a proportion of girls, the diagnosis may be made at an early stage of POI, presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding, when some follicular function is still retained...
September 2020: Hormones: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30045213/acog-committee-opinion-no-747-gynecologic-issues-in-children-and-adolescent-cancer-patients-and-survivors
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
The diagnosis of cancer in females younger than 20 years is rare, with the incidence of 17 cases per 100,000 individuals per year in the United States. Although advancements in cancer therapy have dramatically improved childhood cancer survival, gynecologists should be aware of the increased risk of adverse reproductive health effects from each type of therapy. Cancer and its treatment may have immediate or delayed adverse effects on reproductive health. Gynecologists may be consulted for the following issues: pubertal concerns; menstrual irregularities; heavy menstrual bleeding and anemia; sexuality; contraception; ovarian function, including fertility preservation; breast and cervical cancer screening; hormone therapy; and graft-versus-host disease...
August 2018: Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30980941/hormonal-contraceptives-intrauterine-devices-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-analogues-and-testosterone-menstrual-suppression-in-special-adolescent-populations
#19
REVIEW
Shashwati Pradhan, Veronica Gomez-Lobo
Menstrual suppression (the use of hormonal contraceptive methods to eliminate or significantly decrease the frequency of menstrual cycles) is frequently used in the adolescent population for the management of menstrual symptoms such as heavy or painful periods, premenstrual syndrome, menstrual migraines, or even for patient preference. However, in cases of menstrual suppression in special populations additional risks and benefits need to be considered. The purpose of this article is to review the options and medical considerations for menstrual suppression in patients undergoing chemotherapy who might be at risk of abnormal uterine bleeding, those with intellectual or physical disability, and transgender and gender nonbinary individuals...
September 2019: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31568360/screening-and-management-of-the-hyperandrogenic-adolescent-acog-committee-opinion-summary-number-789
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Although androgen excess can manifest in many ways, the most common and recognizable symptoms are hirsutism and acne. Reports of hirsutism and acne should be taken seriously because of their possible association with medical disorders, their substantial effect on self-esteem and quality of life, and the potential for psychosocial morbidity. In patients with symptoms of androgen excess, the differential diagnosis should include physiologic hyperandrogenism of puberty, idiopathic hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)...
October 2019: Obstetrics and Gynecology
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