collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38136107/beyond-the-metabolic-syndrome-non-obvious-complications-of-obesity-in-children
#1
REVIEW
Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska, Dominika Januś, Anna Stępniewska, Ewa Szczudlik, Anna Stochel-Gaudyn, Małgorzata Wójcik
Obesity is currently one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide due to the continuous increase in obesity rates among children, especially younger children. Complications related to obesity, including serious ones, are increasingly being diagnosed in younger children. A search was performed from January 2023 to September 2023 using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases. The focus was on English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies worldwide...
December 9, 2023: Children
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37602954/review-of-paediatric-obesity-and-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-a-focus-on-emerging-non-pharmacologic-treatment-strategies
#2
REVIEW
Travis L Piester, Nitin Jagtap, Rakesh Kalapala
Obesity in paediatrics has become one of the most serious public health concerns worldwide. Paediatric obesity leads to increased adult obesity and is associated with several comorbidities, both physical and psychological. Within gastroenterology, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of paediatric liver disease and the most common cause of liver transplantation in young adults. Treatment for NAFLD largely focuses on treatment of obesity with weight loss strategies. Unfortunately, the traditional method of weight loss using multicomponent lifestyle modification (dietary changes, increased exercise and behavioural modification) has often led to disappointing results...
October 2023: Pediatric Obesity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37725322/a-comprehensive-review-of-genetic-causes-of-obesity
#3
REVIEW
Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta, Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave, María Del Carmen Durand-Vásquez, Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio, Juan Del Carmen Valencia de la Cruz, Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos, Susan Luciana Puelles-León, Elena de Jesús Alvarado-León, Frans Leiva-Cabrera, Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutiérrez, Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga, José Paz-Ibarra
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high, increasing worldwide prevalence. Genetic causes account for 7% of the cases in children with extreme obesity. DATA SOURCES: This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 articles. The search used the following search terms: "obesity", "obesity and genetics", "leptin", "Prader-Willi syndrome", and "melanocortins"...
September 19, 2023: World Journal of Pediatrics: WJP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37607976/rare-genetic-forms-of-obesity-in-childhood-and-adolescence-a-comprehensive-review-of-their-molecular-mechanisms-and-diagnostic-approach
#4
REVIEW
Francesca Mainieri, Saverio La Bella, Marta Rinaldi, Francesco Chiarelli
Obesity represents a major health problem in the pediatric population with an increasing prevalence worldwide, associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and due to both genetic and environmental factors. Rare forms of obesity are mostly monogenic, and less frequently due to polygenic influence. Polygenic form of obesity is usually the common obesity with single gene variations exerting smaller impact on weight and is commonly non-syndromic.Non-syndromic monogenic obesity is associated with variants in single genes typically related to the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin signalling pathway, which plays a key role in hunger and satiety regulation, thus body weight control...
August 23, 2023: European Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37508727/lifestyle-and-pharmacological-interventions-and-treatment-indications-for-the-management-of-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents
#5
REVIEW
Despina Herouvi, George Paltoglou, Alexandra Soldatou, Christina Kalpia, Spyridon Karanasios, Kyriaki Karavanaki
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic impairment that further decreases quality of life and life expectancy. Worldwide, childhood obesity has become a pandemic health issue causing several comorbidities that frequently present already in childhood, including cardiovascular (hypertension, dyslipidemia), metabolic (Type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome), respiratory, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, obese children frequently experience stress and psychosocial symptoms, including mood disorders, anxiety, prejudice and low self-esteem...
July 17, 2023: Children
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37364142/dietary-inflammatory-index-and-its-relation-to-the-pathophysiological-aspects-of-obesity-a-narrative-review
#6
REVIEW
Roseli Neves de Mello, Bárbara Paixão de Gois, Ana Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn, Ana Raimunda Dâmaso, Maria Aderuza Horst, Glaucia Carielo Lima, Flávia Campos Corgosinho
Obesity, a complex disease that involves energy imbalance and chronic low-grade inflammation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic non-communicable diseases. As dietary components modulate the human body's inflammatory status, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII® ), a literature-derived dietary index, was developed in 2009 to characterize the inflammatory potential of a habitual diet. Abundant research has been conducted to investigate the associations between DII and obesity. In this narrative review, we examined the current state of the science regarding the relationships between DII and the inflammatory pathophysiological aspects related to obesity...
June 19, 2023: Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37337008/current-and-future-pharmacotherapies-for-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents
#7
REVIEW
Aaron S Kelly
Obesity is a common chronic disease in children and adolescents and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The causes are multifactorial but involve biological predisposition towards a specific body-weight set point and defended adipose tissue mass converging with an obesogenic environment. Comprehensive treatment of paediatric obesity includes lifestyle modification therapy, anti-obesity medications (AOMs) and/or metabolic surgery. Lifestyle modification therapy used alone produces fairly modest weight loss for most youth with obesity...
September 2023: Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37375547/polymorphisms-of-fat-mass-and-obesity-associated-gene-in-the-pathogenesis-of-child-and-adolescent-metabolic-syndrome
#8
REVIEW
Yongyan Song, Henry Wade, Bingrui Zhang, Wenhao Xu, Rongxue Wu, Shujin Li, Qiaozhu Su
Childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent around the world and is associated with a high likelihood of suffering from severe diseases such as cardiovascular disease later in adulthood. MetS is associated with genetic susceptibility that involves gene polymorphisms. The fat mass and obesity-associated gene ( FTO ) encodes an RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase that regulates RNA stability and molecular functions. Human FTO contains genetic variants that significantly contribute to the early onset of MetS in children and adolescents...
June 6, 2023: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37375686/genetics-a-starting-point-for-the-prevention-and-the-treatment-of-obesity
#9
REVIEW
Giuseppe Novelli, Carmen Cassadonte, Paolo Sbraccia, Michela Biancolella
Obesity is a common, serious, and costly disease. More than 1 billion people worldwide are obese-650 million adults, 340 million adolescents, and 39 million children. The WHO estimates that, by 2025, approximately 167 million people-adults and children-will become less healthy because they are overweight or obese. Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. These are among the leading causes of preventable, premature death. The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the United States was nearly $173 billion in 2019 dollars...
June 17, 2023: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36779883/genetic-obesity-causes-and-treatments
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer Miller
Genetic abnormalities are responsible for up to 70% of severe, early onset obesity. With recent advances in genetic testing, more individuals with genetic etiology of excessive weight are being identified. However, treatment will need to be individualized based on the cause and underlying pathophysiology. Several treatment options are being investigated, and there are several treatment options now commercially available for some of these genetic conditions. [ Pediatr Ann . 2023;52(2):e57-e61.] .
February 2023: Pediatric Annals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36928809/relevance-of-body-composition-in-phenotyping-the-obesities
#11
REVIEW
Laura Salmón-Gómez, Victoria Catalán, Gema Frühbeck, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
Obesity is the most extended metabolic alteration worldwide increasing the risk for the development of cardiometabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Body mass index (BMI) remains the most frequently used tool for classifying patients with obesity, but it does not accurately reflect body adiposity. In this document we review classical and new classification systems for phenotyping the obesities. Greater accuracy of and accessibility to body composition techniques at the same time as increased knowledge and use of cardiometabolic risk factors is leading to a more refined phenotyping of patients with obesity...
October 2023: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37191347/current-treatments-for-patients-with-genetic-obesity
#12
REVIEW
Nathan Faccioli, Christine Poitou, Karine Clément, Béatrice Dubern
Obesity derives from impaired central control of body weight, implying interaction between environment and an individual genetic predisposition. Genetic obesities, including monogenic and syndromic obesities, are rare and complex neuro-endocrine pathologies where the genetic contribution is predominant. Severe and early-onset obesity with eating disorders associated with frequent comorbidities make these diseases challenging. Their current estimated prevalence of 5-10% in severely obese children is probably underestimated due to the limited access to genetic diagnosis...
May 29, 2023: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37242136/beyond-bmi
#13
REVIEW
George A Bray
This review examined the origins of the concept of the BMI in the work of Quetelet in the 19th century and its subsequent adoption and use in tracking the course of the pandemic of obesity during the 20th century. In this respect, it has provided a valuable international epidemiological tool that should be retained. However, as noted in this review, the BMI is deficient in at least three ways. First, it does not measure body fat distribution, which is probably a more important guide to the risk of excess adiposity than the BMI itself...
May 10, 2023: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37202148/paediatric-obesity-and-metabolic-syndrome-associations-with-cognition-and-the-brain-in-youth-current-evidence-and-future-directions
#14
REVIEW
Jennifer R Sadler, Gita Thapaliya, Kushi Ranganath, Andrea Gabay, Liuyi Chen, Kimberly R Smith, Ricardo S Osorio, Antonio Convit, Susan Carnell
Obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with differences in brain structure and function and in general and food-related cognition in adults. Here, we review evidence for similar phenomena in children and adolescents, with a focus on the implications of extant research for possible underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for obesity and MetS in youth. Current evidence is limited by a relative reliance on small cross-sectional studies. However, we find that youth with obesity and MetS or MetS components show differences in brain structure, including alterations in grey matter volume and cortical thickness across brain regions subserving reward, cognitive control and other functions, as well as in white matter integrity and volume...
May 18, 2023: Pediatric Obesity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37033164/obesity-induced-ocular-changes-in-children-and-adolescents-a-review
#15
REVIEW
Julia Dezor-Garus, Elżbieta Niechciał, Andrzej Kędzia, Anna Gotz-Więckowska
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels worldwide. Overweight and obesity is associated with an increase in several inflammatory markers, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation responsible for macro- and microvascular dysfunction. While the impact of obesity on overall health is well-described, less is known about its ocular manifestations. Still, there are few studies in children and adolescents in this regard and they are inconsistent. However, some evidence suggests a significant role of overnutrition in the development of changes in retinal microvasculature parameters (wider venules, narrower arterioles, lower arteriovenous ratio)...
2023: Frontiers in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37238352/ultra-processed-food-reward-system-and-childhood-obesity
#16
REVIEW
Valeria Calcaterra, Hellas Cena, Virginia Rossi, Sara Santero, Alice Bianchi, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Obesity and overweight are a major public health problem globally. Diet quality is critical for proper child development, and an unhealthy diet is a preventable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in childhood may increase the BMI/BMI z-score, body fat percentage, or likelihood of overweight. A strict feeding regulation system allows for sufficient food to be consumed to meet ongoing metabolic demands while avoiding overconsumption...
April 29, 2023: Children
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37189944/micronutrient-deficiency-in-children-and-adolescents-with-obesity-a-narrative-review
#17
REVIEW
Valeria Calcaterra, Elvira Verduci, Chiara Milanta, Marta Agostinelli, Carolina Federica Todisco, Federica Bona, Jonabel Dolor, Alice La Mendola, Martina Tosi, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Childhood obesity represents a serious public health burden. Despite excessive dietary consumption, children with obesity present high rates of micronutrient deficiencies, such as deficiencies in minerals and specific vitamins; micronutrient deficiencies may have a pathogenic role in obesity-related metabolic comorbidities. In this narrative review, we analyzed the main deficiencies associated with obesity, their clinical consequences, and the evidence about a possible supplementation. Iron; vitamins A, B, C, D, and E; folic acid; zinc; and copper deficiencies represent the most common deficient microelements...
April 7, 2023: Children
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37189984/skeptical-look-at-the-clinical-implication-of-metabolic-syndrome-in-childhood-obesity
#18
REVIEW
Malgorzata Wasniewska, Giorgia Pepe, Tommaso Aversa, Simonetta Bellone, Luisa de Sanctis, Procolo Di Bonito, Maria Felicia Faienza, Nicola Improda, Maria Rosaria Licenziati, Claudio Maffeis, Alice Maguolo, Giuseppina Patti, Barbara Predieri, Mariacarolina Salerno, Stefano Stagi, Maria Elisabeth Street, Giuliana Valerio, Domenico Corica, Valeria Calcaterra
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a cluster of several cardio-metabolic risk factors, specifically visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism, which together increase risks of developing future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This article is a narrative review of the literature and a summary of the main observations, conclusions, and perspectives raised in the literature and the study projects of the Working Group of Childhood Obesity (WGChO) of the Italian Society of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) on MetS in childhood obesity...
April 17, 2023: Children
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37202378/child-and-adolescent-obesity
#19
REVIEW
Natalie B Lister, Louise A Baur, Janine F Felix, Andrew J Hill, Claude Marcus, Thomas Reinehr, Carolyn Summerbell, Martin Wabitsch
The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity has plateaued at high levels in most high-income countries and is increasing in many low-income and middle-income countries. Obesity arises when a mix of genetic and epigenetic factors, behavioural risk patterns and broader environmental and sociocultural influences affect the two body weight regulation systems: energy homeostasis, including leptin and gastrointestinal tract signals, operating predominantly at an unconscious level, and cognitive-emotional control that is regulated by higher brain centres, operating at a conscious level...
May 18, 2023: Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36779884/pediatric-obesity-primary-care-perspective-and-prevention
#20
REVIEW
Amanda Jimenez, Elizabeth Littlejohn
In 1997, the World Health Organization declared obesity a global epidemic. Despite multiple efforts, obesity rates have been exponentially increasing for the past few decades. In the last few years, obesity rates have reached an alarming number. Multiple factors play a role in pediatric obesity, such as diet, sedentarism, and poor sleep, as well as psychosocial and environmental factors. Pediatricians and primary care providers are key in the management of overweight and obesity. They have the advantage of observing children over a long period of time, having a family centered perspective, and often being seen as a reliable source of information...
February 2023: Pediatric Annals
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