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Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by rapamycin (RAPA), an FDA-approved immunosuppressive drug used as a clinical therapy to prevent solid organ allograft rejection, enhances longevity in mice. Importantly, RAPA was efficacious even when initiated in relatively old animals, suggesting that mTOR inhibition could potentially slow the progression of aging-associated pathologies in older humans (Harrison et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2011). However, the safety and tolerability of RAPA in older human subjects have not yet been demonstrated...

Rapamycin-related mTOR inhibitors (rapalogs) possess immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties. Their mechanism of action makes them attractive therapies for several disease states but also potentiates adverse effects associated with these drugs. The oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus was recently approved for the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated renal angiomyolipoma. As clinical use of rapalogs for the treatment of TSC increases, nephrologists and urologists who treat both children and adults with renal masses, as well as internists and geneticists with an interest in renal disease, should be aware of their safety profiles...

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