Pierangela Presta, Nazareno Carullo, Annarita Armeni, Maria Teresa Zicarelli, Michela Musolino, Maria Giovanna Bianco, Salvatore Chiarella, Michele Andreucci, Antonino S Fiorillo, Salvatore Andrea Pullano, Davide Bolignano, Giuseppe Coppolino
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The management of complications of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis, principally stenosis, remains a major challenge for clinicians with a substantial impact on health resources. Stenosis not infrequently preludes to thrombotic events with the loss of AVF functionality. A functioning AVF, when listened by a stethoscope, has a continuous systolic-diastolic low-frequency murmur, while with stenosis, the frequency of the murmur increases and the duration of diastolic component decreases, disappearing in severe stenosis...
December 13, 2023: International Urology and Nephrology