collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27424812/antiretroviral-therapy-for-the-prevention-of-hiv-1-transmission
#1
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Myron S Cohen, Ying Q Chen, Marybeth McCauley, Theresa Gamble, Mina C Hosseinipour, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, James G Hakim, Johnstone Kumwenda, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Jose H S Pilotto, Sheela V Godbole, Suwat Chariyalertsak, Breno R Santos, Kenneth H Mayer, Irving F Hoffman, Susan H Eshleman, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Leslie Cottle, Xinyi C Zhang, Joseph Makhema, Lisa A Mills, Ravindre Panchia, Sharlaa Faesen, Joseph Eron, Joel Gallant, Diane Havlir, Susan Swindells, Vanessa Elharrar, David Burns, Taha E Taha, Karin Nielsen-Saines, David D Celentano, Max Essex, Sarah E Hudelson, Andrew D Redd, Thomas R Fleming
BACKGROUND: An interim analysis of data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial showed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevented more than 96% of genetically linked infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. ART was then offered to all patients with HIV-1 infection (index participants). The study included more than 5 years of follow-up to assess the durability of such therapy for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1763 index participants to receive either early or delayed ART...
September 1, 2016: New England Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27264793/coadministration-of-ticagrelor-and-ritonavir-toward-prospective-dose-adjustment-to-maintain-an-optimal-platelet-inhibition-using-the-pbpk-approach
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
N Marsousi, C F Samer, P Fontana, J L Reny, S Rudaz, J A Desmeules, Y Daali
Ticagrelor is a potent antiplatelet drug metabolized by cytochrome (CYP)3A. It is contraindicated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of the expected CYP3A inhibition by most protease inhibitors, such as ritonavir and an increased bleeding risk. In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was created for ticagrelor and its active metabolite (AM). Based on the simulated interaction between ticagrelor 180 mg and ritonavir 100 mg, a lower dose of ticagrelor was calculated to obtain, when coadministered with ritonavir, the same pharmacokinetic (PK) and platelet inhibition as ticagrelor administered alone...
September 2016: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27465879/tenofovir-alafenamide
#3
REVIEW
Amanda K Gibson, Bhavik M Shah, Puja H Nambiar, Jason J Schafer
OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). DATA SOURCES: A search using PubMed was conducted (2004 to May 2016) using the following keywords: tenofovir alafenamide, TAF, and GS-7340. Articles were evaluated for content, and bibliographies were reviewed. Data available exclusively as abstracts from major infectious diseases and HIV conferences were also evaluated for inclusion. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies included were in vitro investigations; phase I, II, and III clinical trials; and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations...
November 2016: Annals of Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27133890/tenofovir-alafenamide-taf-as-the-successor-of-tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate-tdf
#4
REVIEW
Erik De Clercq
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) can be considered a new prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), as successor of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). It is in vivo as potent against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at a 30-fold lower dose (10mg) than TDF (300mg). TAF has been approved in November 2015 (in the US and EU), as a single-tablet regimen (STR) containing 150mg elvitegravir (E), 150mg cobicistat (C), 200mg emtricitabine [(-)FTC] (F) and 10mg TAF, marketed as Genvoya®, on 01 March 2016 in the US as an STR containing 25mg rilpivirine (R), 200mg F and 25mg TAF, marketed as Odefsey®, and on 4 April 2016 in the US, as an STR containing 200mg F and 25mg TAF, marketed as Descovy®, for the treatment of HIV infections...
November 1, 2016: Biochemical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27363438/management-of-hepatitis-c-hiv-coinfection-in-the-era-of-highly-effective-hepatitis-c-virus-direct-acting-antiviral-therapy
#5
REVIEW
David L Wyles, Mark S Sulkowski, Douglas Dieterich
The increased life expectancy of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in renewed attention to non-HIV-related diseases exacerbated by HIV infection. Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a particular area of concern, as the global prevalence has been estimated at 2.5-5 million people. In this article, we discuss the epidemiology of HCV infection and reinfection, HCV-related liver disease progression in the era of effective ART, and the efficacy of emerging HCV treatment strategies in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection...
July 15, 2016: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27404187/antiretroviral-drugs-for-treatment-and-prevention-of-hiv-infection-in-adults-2016-recommendations-of-the-international-antiviral-society-usa-panel
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huldrych F Günthard, Michael S Saag, Constance A Benson, Carlos del Rio, Joseph J Eron, Joel E Gallant, Jennifer F Hoy, Michael J Mugavero, Paul E Sax, Melanie A Thompson, Rajesh T Gandhi, Raphael J Landovitz, Davey M Smith, Donna M Jacobsen, Paul A Volberding
IMPORTANCE: New data and therapeutic options warrant updated recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to treat or to prevent HIV infection in adults. OBJECTIVE: To provide updated recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy in adults (aged ≥18 years) with established HIV infection, including when to start treatment, initial regimens, and changing regimens, along with recommendations for using ARVs for preventing HIV among those at risk, including preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis...
July 12, 2016: JAMA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26933850/challenges-in-the-elimination-of-pediatric-hiv-1-infection
#7
REVIEW
Katherine Luzuriaga, Lynne M Mofenson
Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described in 1982, 18 months after the first cases were reported in adults. The majority of pediatric infections are acquired through mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which can occur during..
February 25, 2016: New England Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26917112/effects-of-once-daily-darunavir-ritonavir-versus-atazanavir-ritonavir-on-insulin-sensitivity-in-hiv-infected-persons-over-48-weeks-results-of-an-exploratory-substudy-of-metabolik-a-phase-4-randomized-trial
#8
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Edgar Turner Overton, Pablo Tebas, Bruce Coate, Robert Ryan, Amy Perniciaro, Yaswant K Dayaram, Guy De La Rosa, Bryan P Baugh
BACKGROUND: The phase 4, METABOLIK trial demonstrated that changes in metabolic parameters with darunavir with low-dose ritonavir (DRV/r) were comparable to those observed with atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir (ATV/r). A comprehensive assessment of the effects of these agents on insulin sensitivity will provide additional, relevant clinical information. METHODS: In this substudy of METABOLIK, HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral agent-naïve male subjects aged ≥18 years with a viral load of >1,000 copies/mL were randomized to receive DRV/r 800/100 mg once daily (qd) or ATV/r 300/100 mg qd, both with a fixed dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine 300/200 mg qd...
March 2016: HIV Clinical Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26899540/clinical-outcomes-of-virologically-suppressed-patients-with-pre-existing-hiv-1-drug-resistance-mutations-switching-to-rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate-in-the-spirit-study
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Danielle P Porter, Jonathan Toma, Yuping Tan, Owen Solberg, Suqin Cai, Rima Kulkarni, Kristen Andreatta, Yolanda Lie, Susan K Chuck, Frank Palella, Michael D Miller, Kirsten L White
OBJECTIVES: Antiretroviral regimen switching may be considered for HIV-1-infected, virologically-suppressed patients to enable treatment simplification or improve tolerability, but should be guided by knowledge of pre-existing drug resistance. The current study examined the impact of pre-existing drug resistance mutations on virologic outcomes among virologically-suppressed patients switching to Rilpivirine (RPV)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). METHODS: SPIRIT was a phase 3b study evaluating the safety and efficacy of switching to RPV/FTC/TDF in virologically-suppressed HIV-1-infected patients...
February 2016: HIV Clinical Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26892863/rare-emergence-of-drug-resistance-in-hiv-1-treatment-na%C3%A3-ve-patients-after-48-weeks-of-treatment-with-elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir-alafenamide
#10
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Nicolas A Margot, Kathryn M Kitrinos, Marshall Fordyce, Scott McCallister, Michael D Miller, Christian Callebaut
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a novel prodrug of the NtRTI tenofovir (TFV), delivers TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) to target cells more efficiently than the current prodrug, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), with a 90% reduction in TFV plasma exposure. TAF, within the fixed dose combination of elvitegravir /cobicistat / emtricitabine (FTC)/TAF (E/C/F/TAF), has been evaluated in one Phase 2 and two Phase 3 randomized, double-blinded studies in HIV-infected treatment-naive patients, comparing E/C/F/TAF to E/C/F/TDF...
March 2016: HIV Clinical Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26294239/outcomes-of-pharmacist-assisted-management-of-antiretroviral-therapy-in-patients-with-hiv-infection-a-risk-adjusted-analysis
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ofir Noah Nevo, Catherine R Lesko, Bradford Colwell, Craig Ballard, Stephen R Cole, W Christopher Mathews
PURPOSE: The impact of pharmacist-assisted management (PAM) of pharmacotherapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was investigated. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to evaluate antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in treatment-naive patients initiated on ART at an HIV clinic. Eligible patients enrolled in the clinic during the period 1999-2013 were classified into two groups: those referred to a clinic-based HIV pharmacist for initiation of ART (the PAM group) and those managed by a primary care provider (the control group)...
September 1, 2015: American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy: AJHP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26149293/an-intravaginal-ring-for-the-simultaneous-delivery-of-an-hiv-1-maturation-inhibitor-and-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor-for-prophylaxis-of-hiv-transmission
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shweta R Ugaonkar, Justin T Clark, Lexie B English, Todd J Johnson, Karen W Buckheit, Robert J Bahde, Daniel H Appella, Robert W Buckheit, Patrick F Kiser
Nucleocapsid 7 (NCp7) inhibitors have been investigated extensively for their role in impeding the function of HIV-1 replication machinery and their ability to directly inactivate the virus. A class of NCp7 zinc finger inhibitors, S-acyl-2-mercaptobenzamide thioesters (SAMTs), was investigated for topical drug delivery. SAMTs are inherently unstable because of their hydrolytically labile thioester bond, thus requiring formulation approaches that can lend stability. We describe the delivery of N-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoylthio)benzoyl]-β-alaninamide (SAMT-10), as a single agent antiretroviral (ARV) therapeutic and in combination with the HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor pyrimidinedione IQP-0528, from a hydrophobic polyether urethane (PEU) intravaginal ring (IVR) for a month...
October 2015: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25523089/identification-of-potential-clinically-significant-drug-interactions-in-hiv-infected-patients-a-comprehensive-therapeutic-approach
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Iniesta-Navalón, J J Franco-Miguel, J J Gascón-Cánovas, L Rentero-Redondo
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of potential clinically significant drug interactions (CSDIs) in HIV-positive individuals and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted including all HIV-infected out-patients attending the Pharmacy Service of a regional reference hospital in Murcia, south-eastern Spain. The complete treatment was screened for possible CSDIs using the Spanish College of Pharmacists' online software resource, bot...
May 2015: HIV Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25291974/pharmacokinetics-of-sifuvirtide-in-treatment-naive-and-treatment-experienced-hiv-infected-patients
#14
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Qingfang Meng, Tianhao Dong, Xin Chen, Baohui Tong, Xiaohong Qian, Jinjing Che, Yuanguo Cheng
The pharmacokinetics assessment in two clinical studies of sifuvirtide (a novel HIV fusion inhibitor) was first reported in Chinese HIV patients. Nineteen treatment-naive HIV patients were treated with s.c.(subcutaneous injection) sifuvirtide [10 or 20 mg q.d.(quaque die)] for 28 days in study 1, and eight treatment-experienced HIV patients were treated with s.c. sifuvirtide (20 mg q.d.) in combination with HAART drugs (lamivudine, didanosine, and Kaletra) for 168 days in study 2. In study 1, T1/2 was 17.8 ± 3...
December 2014: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24943723/higher-risk-of-incident-hepatitis-c-virus-coinfection-among-men-who-have-sex-with-men-in-whom-the-hiv-genetic-bottleneck-at-transmission-was-wide
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roger D Kouyos, Andri Rauch, Dominique L Braun, Wan-Lin Yang, Jürg Böni, Sabine Yerly, Thomas Klimkait, Vincent Aubert, Cyril Shah, Helen Kovari, Alexandra Calmy, Matthias Cavassini, Manuel Battegay, Pietro L Vernazza, Enos Bernasconi, Bruno Ledergerber, Huldrych F Günthard
BACKGROUND: High-risk sexual behaviors have been suggested as drivers of the recent dramatic increase of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: We assessed the association between the genetic bottleneck of HIV at transmission and the prevalence and incidence of HCV coinfection in HIV-infected MSM from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). As a proxy for the width of the transmission bottleneck, we used the fraction of ambiguous nucleotides detected by genotypic resistance tests sampled during early HIV infection...
November 15, 2014: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21482729/hiv-and-tuberculosis-a-deadly-human-syndemic
#16
REVIEW
Candice K Kwan, Joel D Ernst
A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics have had deadly consequences around the world. Without adequate control of the TB-HIV syndemic, the long-term TB elimination target set for 2050 will not be reached. There is an urgent need for additional resources and novel approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both HIV and TB...
April 2011: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
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