collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31556938/the-clinical-picture-and-severity-of-invasive-meningococcal-disease-serogroup-w-compared-with-other-serogroups-in-the-netherlands-2015-2018
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna D Loenenbach, Arie van der Ende, Hester E de Melker, Elisabeth A M Sanders, Mirjam J Knol
BACKGROUND: An increase in invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) serogroup W (IMD-W) cases caused by sequence type-11 clonal complex (cc11) was observed from October 2015 in the Netherlands. We compared the clinical picture and disease outcome of IMD-W cases with other serogroups, adjusting for host characteristics. METHODS: We included IMD cases reported from January 2015 to June 2018 in the Netherlands and assessed clinical manifestation and symptoms at disease onset and calculated case fatality rates (CFRs)...
May 6, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31562024/effect-of-infectious-disease-consultation-on-mortality-and-treatment-of-patients-with-candida-bloodstream-infections-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlos Mejia-Chew, Jane A O'Halloran, Margaret A Olsen, Dustin Stwalley, Ryan Kronen, Charlotte Lin, Ana S Salazar, Lindsey Larson, Kevin Hsueh, William G Powderly, Andrej Spec
BACKGROUND: Candida bloodstream infection is associated with high mortality. Infectious disease consultation improves outcomes in several infections, including Staphylococcus aureus and cryptococcosis, as well as multidrug-resistant organisms. We aimed to examine the association between infectious disease consultation and differences in management with mortality in candida bloodstream infections. METHODS: In this retrospective, single-centre cohort study, we reviewed the medical charts of all patients admitted to Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St Louis, MO, USA), a tertiary referral centre, aged 18 years or older with candida bloodstream infection from 2002 to 2015...
December 2019: Lancet Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31560051/effectiveness-of-oral-vancomycin-for-prevention-of-healthcare-facility-onset-clostridioides-difficile-infection-in-targeted-patients-during-systemic-antibiotic-exposure
#23
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Steven W Johnson, Shannon V Brown, David H Priest
BACKGROUND: Limited retrospective data suggest prophylactic oral vancomycin may prevent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of oral vancomycin for the prevention of healthcare facility-onset CDI (HCFO-CDI) in targeted patients. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, prospective, open-label study at Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, between October 2018 and April 2019. Included patients were randomized 1:1 to either oral vancomycin (dosed at 125 mg once daily while receiving systemic antibiotics and continued for 5 days postcompletion of systemic antibiotics [OVP]) or no prophylaxis...
August 22, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31560366/previous-syphilis-alters-the-course-of-subsequent-episodes-of-syphilis
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina M Marra, Clare L Maxwell, Sharon K Sahi, Lauren C Tantalo, Shelia B Dunaway, Sheila A Lukehart
BACKGROUND: Individuals with previous syphilis may be more likely to be asymptomatic when they are reinfected with Treponema pallidum. METHODS: Individuals enrolled in a study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities in syphilis were allowed to enroll in the study again with subsequent syphilis. For each participant, the index episode was defined as the most recent syphilis episode for which the study entry visit was performed within 30 days of the syphilis diagnosis date...
August 22, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31526739/management-of-drug-resistant-tuberculosis
#25
REVIEW
Christoph Lange, Keertan Dheda, Dumitru Chesov, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Zarir Udwadia, C Robert Horsburgh
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major public health concern in many countries. Over the past decade, the number of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to the most effective drugs against tuberculosis (ie, rifampicin and isoniazid), which is called multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, has continued to increase. Globally, 4·6% of patients with tuberculosis have multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, but in some areas, like Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Ukraine, this proportion exceeds 25%...
September 14, 2019: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31378265/is-cough-really-necessary-for-tb-transmission
#26
REVIEW
Benjamin Patterson, Robin Wood
Cough has long been implicated in the production of infectious aerosol leading to transmission of tuberculosis (TB). However, prevalence studies frequently identify radiographic evidence of TB in subclinical individuals in the absence of reported coughing. Elucidating the role of cough in transmission depends on understanding the physical process of aerosolizing and expelling mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli. In the last decade, human aerosol studies have progressed with improved precision of particle detection and greater sophistication of experimental protocols...
July 2019: Tuberculosis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31158072/polio-like-manifestation-of-powassan-virus-infection-with-anterior-horn-cell-involvement-canada
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher Picheca, Vignan Yogendrakumar, James I Brooks, Carlos Torres, Elizabeth Pringle, Jocelyn Zwicker
Evidence of spinal cord involvement in Powassan virus infection is largely limited to mouse models. We report a case of a polio-like illness caused by Powassan virus infection in a 62-year-old man in Canada. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T2 hyperintensities in the anterior horns of the cervical spinal cord.
August 2019: Emerging Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31188423/dengue-infection-complicated-by-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-experiences-from-180-patients-with-severe-dengue
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Foong Kee Kan, Cheng Cheng Tan, Tatiana Von Bahr Greenwood, Khairil E Khalid, Premaa Supramaniam, Ida Hed Myrberg, Lian Huat Tan, Jan-Inge Henter
BACKGROUND: Globally, ~500 000 people with severe dengue (SD) require hospitalization yearly; ~12 500 (2.5%) die. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory condition for which HLH-directed therapy (as etoposide and dexamethasone) can be life-saving. Prompted by the high mortality in SD and the increasing awareness that patients with SD may develop sHLH, our objectives were to (1) determine the frequency of dengue-HLH in SD, (2) describe clinical features of dengue-HLH, (3) assess mortality rate in SD and dengue-HLH, and (4) identify mortality-associated risk factors in SD...
May 23, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12269860/hiv-related-movement-disorders-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-management
#29
REVIEW
Francisco Cardoso
Clinically relevant movement disorders are identified in 3% of patients with HIV infection seen at tertiary referral centres. In the same setting, prospective follow-up shows that 50% of patients with AIDS develop tremor, parkinsonism or other extrapyramidal features. Hemiballism-hemichorea and tremor are the most common hyperkinesias seen in patients who are HIV positive, but other movement disorders diagnosed in these patients include dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, tics, paroxysmal dyskinesias and parkinsonism...
2002: CNS Drugs
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31050758/short-course-versus-long-course-antibiotics-in-prosthetic-joint-infections-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-one-randomized-controlled-trial-plus-nine-observational-studies
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hung-Teng Yen, Ronan W Hsieh, Chung-Yen Huang, Tzu-Chun Hsu, Timothy Yeh, Yee-Chun Chen, Wen-Shan Chen, Chien-Chang Lee
BACKGROUND: Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) often require long-course antibiotic therapy. However, recent studies argue against the current practice and raise concerns such as the development of antibiotic resistance, side effects of medications and medical costs. OBJECTIVES: To review and compare the outcomes of short-course and long-course antibiotics in PJIs. METHODS: We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis using a predefined search term in PubMed and EMBASE databases...
September 1, 2019: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31068712/engineered-bacteriophages-for-treatment-of-a-patient-with-a-disseminated-drug-resistant-mycobacterium-abscessus
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebekah M Dedrick, Carlos A Guerrero-Bustamante, Rebecca A Garlena, Daniel A Russell, Katrina Ford, Kathryn Harris, Kimberly C Gilmour, James Soothill, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Robert T Schooley, Graham F Hatfull, Helen Spencer
A 15-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis with a disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection was treated with a three-phage cocktail following bilateral lung transplantation. Effective lytic phage derivatives that efficiently kill the infectious M. abscessus strain were developed by genome engineering and forward genetics. Intravenous phage treatment was well tolerated and associated with objective clinical improvement, including sternal wound closure, improved liver function, and substantial resolution of infected skin nodules...
May 2019: Nature Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30919513/large-variations-in-clinical-antibiotic-activity-against-staphylococcus-aureus-biofilms-of-periprosthetic-joint-infection-isolates
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan B Mandell, Sara Orr, John Koch, Blake Nourie, Dongzhu Ma, Daniel D Bonar, Neel Shah, Kenneth L Urish
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms have a high tolerance to antibiotics, making the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) challenging. From a clinical perspective, bacteria from surgical specimens are cultured in a planktonic state to determine antibiotic sensitivity. However, S. aureus exists primarily as established biofilms in PJI. To address this dichotomy, we developed a prospective registry of total knee and hip arthroplasty PJI S. aureus isolates to quantify the activity of clinically important antibiotics against isolates grown as biofilms...
July 2019: Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31145782/prevalence-of-infective-endocarditis-in-patients-with-positive-blood-cultures-a-danish-nationwide-study
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauge Østergaard, Niels Eske Bruun, Marianne Voldstedlund, Magnus Arpi, Christian Østergaard Andersen, Henrik C Schønheyder, Lars Lemming, Flemming Rosenvinge, Nana Valeur, Peter Søgaard, Paal Skytt Andersen, Robert Skov, Ming Chen, Kasper Iversen, Sabine Gill, Trine Kiilerich Lauridsen, Anders Dahl, Louise Bruun Oestergaard, Jonas Agerlund Povlsen, Claus Moser, Henning Bundgaard, Lars Køber, Emil Loldrup Fosbøl
AIMS: Increasing attention has been given to the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with certain blood stream infections (BSIs). Previous studies have been conducted on selected patient cohorts, yet unselected data are sparse. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of IE in BSIs with bacteria typically associated with IE. METHODS AND RESULTS: By crosslinking nationwide registries from 2010 to 2017, we identified patients with BSIs typically associated with IE: Enterococcus faecalis (E...
October 14, 2019: European Heart Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31077264/should-we-treat-bacteremic-prostatitis-for-7-days
#34
LETTER
Julien De Greef, Louise Doyen, Séverine Henrard, Laure Elens, Bernard Vandercam, Leïla Belkhir
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31077266/influenza-coinfection-be-a-ware-of-invasive-aspergillosis
#35
LETTER
Paul E Verweij, Roger J M Brüggemann, Joost Wauters, Bart J A Rijnders, Tom Chiller, Frank L van de Veerdonk
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31109983/a-guide-to-understanding-antimicrobial-drug-dosing-in-critically-ill-patients-on-renal-replacement-therapy
#36
REVIEW
Valentina Pistolesi, Santo Morabito, Francesca Di Mario, Giuseppe Regolisti, Chiara Cantarelli, Enrico Fiaccadori
A careful management of antimicrobials is essential in the critically ill with acute kidney injury, especially if renal replacement therapy is required. Acute kidney injury may lead per se to clinically significant modifications of drugs' pharmacokinetic parameters, and the need for renal replacement therapy represents a further variable that should be considered to avoid inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. The most important pharmacokinetic parameters, useful to determine the significance of extracorporeal removal of a given drug, are molecular weight, protein binding, and distribution volume...
August 2019: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31099835/ceftazidime-avibactam-in-combination-with-fosfomycin-a-novel-therapeutic-strategy-against-multidrug-resistant-pseudomonas-aeruginosa
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krisztina M Papp-Wallace, Elise T Zeiser, Scott A Becka, Steven Park, Brigid M Wilson, Marisa L Winkler, Roshan D'Souza, Indresh Singh, Granger Sutton, Derrick E Fouts, Liang Chen, Barry N Kreiswirth, Evelyn J Ellis-Grosse, George L Drusano, David S Perlin, Robert A Bonomo
Previously, by targeting penicillin-binding protein 3, Pseudomonas-derived cephalosporinase (PDC), and MurA with ceftazidime-avibactam-fosfomycin, antimicrobial susceptibility was restored among multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Herein, ceftazidime-avibactam-fosfomycin combination therapy against MDR P. aeruginosa clinical isolate CL232 was further evaluated. Checkerboard susceptibility analysis revealed synergy between ceftazidime-avibactam and fosfomycin. Accordingly, the resistance elements present and expressed in P...
July 19, 2019: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31055165/non-specific-effects-of-bcg-vaccine-on-viral-infections
#38
REVIEW
S J C F M Moorlag, R J W Arts, R van Crevel, M G Netea
BACKGROUND: Some strains of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine not only confer protection against disseminated forms of tuberculosis, but also reduce all-cause mortality by the induction of protection against infections with non-related pathogens. OBJECTIVES: We review evidence for non-specific protection induced by BCG vaccination against viral infections, discuss possible mechanisms of action, and summarize implications for vaccination policies and vaccine discovery...
December 2019: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31125637/performance-of-synovial-fluid-d-lactate-for-the-diagnosis-of-periprosthetic-joint-infection-a-prospective-observational-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katsiaryna Yermak, Svetlana Karbysheva, Carsten Perka, Andrej Trampuz, Nora Renz
OBJECTIVES: Synovial fluid leukocyte count is the current standard test for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). As D-lactate is almost exclusively produced by bacteria, it represents a useful biomarker for bacterial infection. We evaluated the performance of synovial fluid D-lactate for the diagnosis of PJI and compared it with the synovial fluid leukocyte count. METHODS: Consecutive patients with joint aspiration of a prosthetic hip, knee or shoulder joint were prospectively included...
August 2019: Journal of Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30209035/treatment-of-toxoplasmosis-historical-perspective-animal-models-and-current-clinical-practice
#40
REVIEW
Ildiko Rita Dunay, Kiran Gajurel, Reshika Dhakal, Oliver Liesenfeld, Jose G Montoya
Primary Toxoplasma gondii infection is usually subclinical, but cervical lymphadenopathy or ocular disease can be present in some patients. Active infection is characterized by tachyzoites, while tissue cysts characterize latent disease. Infection in the fetus and in immunocompromised patients can cause devastating disease. The combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (pyr-sulf), targeting the active stage of the infection, is the current gold standard for treating toxoplasmosis, but failure rates remain significant...
October 2018: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
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