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STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of the Pilates method for patients with nonspecific acute, subacute, or chronic low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The Pilates method is one of the most common forms of intervention based on exercise used for treating patients with low back pain. However, its effectiveness is not well established. METHODS: We conducted searches on CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus up to March 2014...

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BACKGROUND: The ability of injection of corticosteroids into the subacromial space to relieve pain ascribed to rotator cuff tendinosis is debated. The number of patients who have an injection before one gets relief beyond what a placebo provides is uncertain. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked: (1) Do corticosteroid injections reduce pain in patients with rotator cuff tendinosis 3 months after injection, and if so, what is the number needed to treat (NNT)? (2) Are multiple injections better than one single injection with respect to pain reduction at 3 months? METHODS: We systematically searched seven electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of corticosteroid injection for rotator cuff tendinosis compared with a placebo injection...

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. BACKGROUND: Recurrent low back pain (LBP) and neuromuscular fatigue are independently thought to increase the risk of spine injury. Volitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) is thought to improve lumbar spine and pelvis control in individuals with recurrent LBP. The effects of VPAC on fatigued landing performance in individuals with recurrent LBP are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of VPAC and lower extremity fatigue on trunk control during landing in a population of individuals with recurrent LBP...

BACKGROUND: Coordinated muscle activity is needed for synchronized joint motion and stability. Characterizing relative scapular muscle activity deficits in participants with shoulder pain will provide foundational knowledge to develop rehabilitation programs. METHODS: Participants were recruited with subacromial pain syndrome and an asymptomatic control group matched for age, gender, and dominant arm (N = 56). Surface electromyographic muscle activity was recorded from the upper, middle, and lower trapezius (UT, MT, LT) and serratus anterior (SA) during 5 repetitions of a weighted arm elevation task...

PURPOSE: To examine the influence of volitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) and recurrent low back pain (rLBP) on trunk mechanics and neuromuscular control during a symmetric lifting task. METHODS: A 2 × 2 crossover mixed design was used to examine the effects of VPAC and group. Thirty-seven healthy individuals and 32 rLBP individuals performed symmetric box lifting trials with and without VPAC to a 1-m height table 3D trunk, pelvis, and hip joint angle and electromyographic magnitude variables were obtained...

We often experience troubled sleep in a novel environment [1]. This is called the first-night effect (FNE) in human sleep research and has been regarded as a typical sleep disturbance [2-4]. Here, we show that the FNE is a manifestation of one hemisphere being more vigilant than the other as a night watch to monitor unfamiliar surroundings during sleep [5, 6]. Using advanced neuroimaging techniques [7, 8] as well as polysomnography, we found that the temporary sleep disturbance in the first sleep experimental session involves regional interhemispheric asymmetry of sleep depth [9]...

BACKGROUND: The choice of graft type is an important factor to the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. PURPOSE: To compare knee joint stability and functional outcomes of anatomic ACL reconstruction with double-bundle hamstring tendon (DBHT) and bone-quadriceps tendon (BQT) autografts. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Ninety-six patients underwent ACL reconstruction with either DBHT (hamstring group) or BQT autograft (quadriceps group)...

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IMPORTANCE: The relationship between income and life expectancy is well established but remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To measure the level, time trend, and geographic variability in the association between income and life expectancy and to identify factors related to small area variation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Income data for the US population were obtained from 1.4 billion deidentified tax records between 1999 and 2014. Mortality data were obtained from Social Security Administration death records...

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. BACKGROUND: The hip abductor muscles are important hip joint stabilizers. Hip joint pain may alter muscle recruitment. Motion-mode (M-mode) ultrasound enables noninvasive measurements of the onset of deep and superficial muscle motion, which is associated with activation onset. OBJECTIVES: To compare (1) the onset of superficial and deep gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscle motion relative to the instant of peak ground reaction force and (2) the level of swing-phase muscle motion during step-down between subjects with chronic hip pain and controls using M-mode ultrasound...

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PURPOSE: To determine predictors of the clinical outcome after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy performed for acute trauma-related medial meniscal tear leading to mechanical symptoms in patients more than 60 years of age. METHODS: In this retrospective study with 4.1 years' follow-up, the clinical data of 154 arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomies were evaluated. The body mass index (BMI), duration of symptoms, the hip-knee-ankle angle, type of the meniscal tear, presence of any chondral lesions, degenerative changes in the patellofemoral joint, the status of the cruciate ligaments and lateral meniscus, and the presence of any plica or synovitis were the independent variables...

The objective of the present study was to determine if there is a sex-based difference in lifting technique across increasing-load conditions. Eleven male and 14 female participants (n = 25) with no previous history of low back disorder participated in the study. Participants completed freestyle, symmetric lifts of a box with handles from the floor to a table positioned at 50% of their height for five trials under three load conditions (10%, 20%, and 30% of their individual maximum isometric back strength)...

[Purpose] To investigate whether thoracic spine mobilization added to stabilization exercises increases the muscular strength and range of motion of the thoracic vertebrae of chronic low-back pain patients. [Subjects] This study enrolled 20 patients with chronic low back pain, who were divided into two groups. Ten subjects were randomly selected for the stabilization exercise group and the remaining 10 subjects received thoracic spine mobilization in addition to performing the stabilization exercises. [Methods] The patients performed stabilization exercises and received thoracic spine mobilization for 12 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have compared patellar tendon (PT) and hamstring tendon (HS) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions in the short to midterm, but fewer long-term results have been published. HYPOTHESIS: There will be no difference in functional outcome between ACL reconstruction performed with PT and HS grafts, but PT grafts will have more donor site morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1...

BACKGROUND: Pain catastrophizing significantly affects an individual's experience of pain. High pain catastrophizing is associated with increased fear avoidance behaviours, pain intensity and disability. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of pain catastrophizing on ongoing brain activity and movement-evoked brain activity during acute orofacial muscle pain. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy, pain-free subjects were recruited. In 17 subjects, the effect of catastrophizing on regional brain activity was determined...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.