Osteeo y dm y la

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with an increased risk of death and morbidity in many clinical scenarios. The prevention and treatment of AKI therefore has been advocated as a high-priority research focus. However, nearly all strategies tested in this setting have failed to prevent or cure AKI and fluid loading remains a cornerstone of preventive and curative treatment of AKI. Concerns have been raised, however, regarding both the efficacy and safety of fluid loading to prevent or reverse AKI...

Only three decades ago adipose tissue was considered inert, with little relationship to insulin resistance. Similarly, bone has long been thought of purely in its structural context. In the last decade, emerging evidence has revealed important endocrine roles for both bone and adipose tissue. The interaction between these two tissues is remarkable. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells give rise to both osteoblasts and adipocytes. Leptin and adiponectin, two adipokines secreted by fat tissue, control energy homeostasis, but also have complex actions on the skeleton...