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PTA is a collection of pus located between the tonsillar capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is considered a complication of acute tonsillitis and is the most prevalent deep neck infection (approximately 2000 cases annually in Denmark) and cause of acute admission to Danish ENT departments. Teenagers and young adults are most commonly affected and males may predominate over females. However, no studies of age- and gender-stratified incidence rates have previously been published. Furthermore, smoking may be associated with increased risk of peritonsillar abscess (PTA) development, although the magnitude of the association has not been estimated...

Airway obstruction caused by intrinsic laryngeal and tracheal disorders requires a systematic diagnostic approach, including a careful bronchoscopic examination. Tumors of the upper airway are most often malignant; except for the larynx, metastatic lesions predominate. Among the inflammatory strictures, intubation injuries remain common in developed countries. Tracheomalacia related to chronic obstructive lung disease causes high-grade, chronic, long-segment airway obstruction. The surgical treatment for each group of these disorders is described...

A hiccup is a reflex movement with diffusely distributed afferents and efferents in the thorax; its functional relevance is controversial. In its physiological form, it is mostly a minor complaint that stops spontaneously and rarely leads to medical consultation. However, prolonged agonizing hiccups represent serious deterioration of quality of life. Chronic hiccups by definition last for more than 48 h, with gastroesophageal reflux being the frequent underlying disease. Various other causes affect multiple organ systems, some with serious underlying diseases...

Tinnitus is a common medical symptom that can be debilitating. Risk factors include hearing loss, ototoxic medication, head injury, and depression. At presentation, the possibilities of otological disease, anxiety, and depression should be considered. No effective drug treatments are available, although much research is underway into mechanisms and possible treatments. Surgical intervention for any otological pathology associated with tinnitus might be effective for that condition, but the tinnitus can persist...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Tinnitus is a debilitating condition that affects a broad range of patients. Despite thorough and extensive research, the cause of tinnitus has yet to be determined. Also, there has never been a single intervention identified that can consistently eliminate the symptoms of tinnitus. However, despite our inability to 'cure' tinnitus, there are many medical and behavioral strategies that may result in symptomatic relief. The purpose of this article is to review some of the previous information on tinnitus and to examine the recent research on the etiology and management of this condition...

Facial nerve palsy, whether the cause is idiopathic, or following such insults as surgery, trauma, or malignancy, places the health of the ocular surface at risk. Reduced or absent orbicularis oculi function results in lagophthalmos and exposure of the cornea, which is exacerbated by eyelid malposition. Management of the exposure keratopathy is paramount to prevent corneal breakdown, scarring, and permanent vision loss. Significant exposure keratopathy can be complicated by loss of corneal sensation, leading to a neurotrophic corneal ulcer...