BPD

Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are increasing. After preterm birth, there are important developmental periods in which neonates are more vulnerable to stressful events. These periods are opportunities for pharmacologic interventions. Many drugs remain inadequately tested and no new drugs have been approved in more than 25 years for BPD prevention or therapy. More progress is needed in defining appropriate end points based on the pathophysiology of BPD and postdischarge chronic pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity and to develop effective new drugs...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of chronic lung disease of infancy, which mostly affects premature infants with significant morbidity and mortality. Premature infants who require to be treated for conditions including respiratory distress syndrome have a higher risk of developing BPD. In spite of the improvement in clinical methods, the incidence of BPD has not reduced. In the present review, the pathogenesis of BPD is described along with the treatments available at present and the role of nursing in the management of BPD...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe complication of prematurity that impacts survival and neurodevelopment. Currently, no early marker exists which could help clinicians identify which preterm infants will develop BPD. Given the evidence that NTproBNP is elevated in children with BPD, we hypothesized that it could be used as an early marker of BPD development. We conducted a prospective cohort study including very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) admitted to our NICU between January 2015 and January 2017 in which we determined serial NTproBNP levels on days 1 and 3 and then weekly, until 49 days of life...

RATIONALE: Mechanisms contributing to chronic lung disease after preterm birth are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES: To identify antenatal risk factors associated with increased risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and respiratory disease during early childhood after preterm birth, we performed a prospective, longitudinal study of 587 preterm infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks and birth weights between 500 and 1,250 g. METHODS: Data collected included perinatal information and assessments during the neonatal intensive care unit admission and longitudinal follow-up by questionnaire until 2 years of age...

RATIONALE: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent yet poorly characterized pulmonary complication of premature birth; the current definition is based solely on oxygen dependence at 36 weeks postmenstrual age without objective measurements of structural abnormalities across disease severity. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesize that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can spatially resolve and quantify the structural abnormalities of the neonatal lung parenchyma associated with premature birth...

IMPORTANCE: Various noninvasive ventilation strategies are used to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of preterm infants; however, the best mode is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To compare 7 ventilation strategies for preterm infants including nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) alone, intubation and surfactant administration followed by immediate extubation (INSURE), less invasive surfactant administration (LISA), noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation, nebulized surfactant administration, surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway, and mechanical ventilation...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most prevalent long-term morbidity of surviving extremely preterm infants and is associated with significant health care utilization in infancy and beyond. Recent advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants; however, the incidence of BPD has not been substantially impacted by novel interventions in this vulnerable population. The multifactorial cause of BPD requires a multi-pronged approach for prevention and treatment...

Approximately 15 million babies worldwide are born premature, and complications of prematurity are one of the leading causes of death in neonates. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are two of the most common and serious consequences of prematurity. Synthetic corticosteroids, including dexamethasone, have been central in efforts to treat and prevent BPD. There is strong evidence to show that prenatal corticosteroids reduce infant mortality and the incidence of NRDS, leading to their widespread use in obstetric units...

The rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants is increasing; this trend reflects, in part, improved survival among extremely premature infants. BPD is associated with adverse developmental and medical outcomes in early childhood and at least through school age. Therefore, BPD imposes a significant burden on infants and children, their families, and society. Many interventions to decrease BPD and the sequelae of BPD have been studied; few to date have been proved to decrease both BPD and later disability...

OBJECTIVE: To summarise current evidence evaluating the effects of human milk on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. DESIGN: We searched for studies on human milk and BPD in English and Chinese databases on 26 July 2017. Furthermore, the references of included studies were also screened. The inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis were the following: (1) preterm infants (<37 weeks); (2) human milk; (3) comparing with formula feeding; (4) the outcome included BPD; and (5) the type of study was randomised controlled trial (RCT) or cohort study...

Caffeine reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Optimizing caffeine use could increase therapeutic benefit. We performed a systematic-review and random-effects meta-analysis of studies comparing different timing of initiation and dose of caffeine on the risk of BPD. Earlier initiation, compared to later, was associated with a decreased risk of BPD (5 observational studies; n = 63,049, adjusted OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.64-0.75, GRADE: low quality). High-dose caffeine, compared to standard-dose, was associated with a decreased risk of BPD (3 randomized trials, n = 432, OR 0...

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BACKGROUND: Systemic corticosteroids as the frontline treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants are associated with adverse effects on growth and neurodevelopmental outcome, but the pulmonary administration of steroids may help prevent the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) without these side effects. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulmonary application of corticosteroids in preterm infants with RDS. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Although non-invasive forms of ventilation have recently spread in neonatology, invasive ventilation still plays a key role in the support of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in neonatal ventilation practices for ELBW infants and compare outcomes between two epochs (2005-2009 vs. 2010-2015) to analyze progression stemming from the implementation of newer clinical guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study with data collection from all ELBW infants born between 2005 and 2015 in our center through their individual clinical records...

Background: Considering all the latest achievements in neonatal respiratory care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still among the most prevalent morbidity causes in premature infants. Involvement in this process results in longer period of hospitalization for the newborn and in the long run makes the living conditions more difficult. Taking the multifactorial pathogenesis into account, approaches to tackle chronic lung disease (CLD) are mainly focused on interventions and prevention procedures...

Vitamin E is obtained only through the diet and has a number of important biological activities, including functioning as an antioxidant. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to pathological processes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of prematurity associated with increased lung injury, inflammation and oxidative stress, led to trials of the antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol) to prevent BPD with variable results. These trials were all conducted at supraphysiologic doses and 2 of these trials utilized a formulation containing a potentially harmful excipient...

BACKGROUND: Intramuscular vitamin A supplementation decreases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants without significant adverse effects. However, intramuscular vitamin A supplementation is not widely accepted because of the discomfort and risk of trauma associated with repeated injections. Enteral vitamin A supplementation has not been studied adequately in the clinical trials. Enterally administered water-soluble vitamin A is absorbed better than the fat-soluble form...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides a concise summary of recent literature pertaining to emerging therapies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To provide context for the presented therapies, a brief overview of recently proposed changes to the definition of BPD and the concept of expanded respiratory outcomes is included. RECENT FINDINGS: New or redefined respiratory outcomes are required to improve accuracy in evaluating new therapies and correlating results with long-term clinical outcomes of importance...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is potentially one of the most devastating conditions in premature infants with longstanding consequences involving multiple organ systems including adverse effects on pulmonary function and neurodevelopmental outcome. Here we review recent studies in the field to summarize the progress made in understanding in the pathophysiology, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of BPD in the last decade. The work reviewed includes the progress in understanding its pathobiology, genomic studies, ventilatory strategies, outcomes, and therapeutic interventions...