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RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Peter Horby, Wei Shen Lim, Jonathan R Emberson, Marion Mafham, Jennifer L Bell, Louise Linsell, Natalie Staplin, Christopher Brightling, Andrew Ustianowski, Einas Elmahi, Benjamin Prudon, Christopher Green, Timothy Felton, David Chadwick, Kanchan Rege, Christopher Fegan, Lucy C Chappell, Saul N Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Alan Montgomery, Kathryn Rowan, Edmund Juszczak, J Kenneth Baillie, Richard Haynes, Martin J Landray
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Glucocorticoids may modulate inflammation-mediated lung injury and thereby reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. METHODS: In this controlled, open-label trial comparing a range of possible treatments in patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19, we randomly assigned patients to receive oral or intravenous dexamethasone (at a dose of 6 mg once daily) for up to 10 days or to receive usual care alone...
February 25, 2021: New England Journal of Medicine
#22
REVIEW
Kuldeep Dhama, Sharun Khan, Ruchi Tiwari, Shubhankar Sircar, Sudipta Bhat, Yashpal Singh Malik, Karam Pal Singh, Wanpen Chaicumpa, D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
SUMMARYIn recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes should not be ruled out...
September 16, 2020: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
#23
EDITORIAL
Pratik Sinha, Michael A Matthay, Carolyn S Calfee
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 1, 2020: JAMA Internal Medicine
#24
REVIEW
Abrar K Thabit
Biliary tract infections (BTIs), including cholangitis and cholecystitis, are common causes of bacteremia. Bacteremic BTIs are associated with a mortality rate of 9-12%. The extent to which antibiotics are excreted in the bile and the ratio of their exposure to the minimum inhibitory concentration of the infecting organism are among the important factors for the treatment of BTIs. This review updates health care professionals on the distribution of antibiotics in the common bile duct, gallbladder, and gallbladder wall...
July 2020: Pharmacotherapy
#25
REVIEW
Enrico Ammirati, Giacomo Veronese, Maurizio Bottiroli, Dao Wen Wang, Manlio Cipriani, Andrea Garascia, Patrizia Pedrotti, Eric D Adler, Maria Frigerio
Acute myocarditis (AM), a recent-onset inflammation of the heart, has heterogeneous clinical presentations, varying from minor symptoms to high-risk cardiac conditions with severe heart failure, refractory arrhythmias, and cardiogenic shock. AM is moving from being a definitive diagnosis based on histological evidence of inflammatory infiltrates on cardiac tissue to a working diagnosis supported by high sensitivity troponin increase in association with specific cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) findings...
August 2021: Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
#26
REVIEW
Steven Zhao, Oren Friedman
Acute right ventricular failure remains the leading cause of mortality associated with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This article reviews the pathophysiology behind acute right ventricular failure and strategies for managing right ventricular failure in acute PE. Immediate clot reduction via systemic thrombolytics, catheter based procedures, or surgery is always advocated for unstable patients. While waiting to mobilize these resources, it often becomes necessary to support the RV with vasoactive medications...
July 2020: Critical Care Clinics
#27
REVIEW
Margaret A Powers, Joan K Bardsley, Marjorie Cypress, Martha M Funnell, Dixie Harms, Amy Hess-Fischl, Beulette Hooks, Diana Isaacs, Ellen D Mandel, Melinda D Maryniuk, Anna Norton, Joanne Rinker, Linda M Siminerio, Sacha Uelmen
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 2020: Diabetes Care
#28
REVIEW
Yu Kang, Tiffany Chen, David Mui, Victor Ferrari, Dinesh Jagasia, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Yucheng Chen, Yuchi Han
Since its recognition in December 2019, covid-19 has rapidly spread globally causing a pandemic. Pre-existing comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are associated with a greater severity and higher fatality rate of covid-19. Furthermore, COVID-19 contributes to cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial injury as a result of acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, stress-cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. The cardiovascular interactions of COVID-19 have similarities to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome and influenza...
August 2020: Heart
#29
EDITORIAL
Abdul Mannan Baig
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 2020: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
#30
REVIEW
Aaron C Tan, David M Ashley, Giselle Y López, Michael Malinzak, Henry S Friedman, Mustafa Khasraw
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Overall, the prognosis for patients with this disease is poor, with a median survival of <2 years. There is a slight predominance in males, and incidence increases with age. The standard approach to therapy in the newly diagnosed setting includes surgery followed by concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide and further adjuvant temozolomide. Tumor-treating fields, delivering low-intensity alternating electric fields, can also be given concurrently with adjuvant temozolomide...
July 2020: CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians
#31
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
David R Boulware, Matthew F Pullen, Ananta S Bangdiwala, Katelyn A Pastick, Sarah M Lofgren, Elizabeth C Okafor, Caleb P Skipper, Alanna A Nascene, Melanie R Nicol, Mahsa Abassi, Nicole W Engen, Matthew P Cheng, Derek LaBar, Sylvain A Lother, Lauren J MacKenzie, Glen Drobot, Nicole Marten, Ryan Zarychanski, Lauren E Kelly, Ilan S Schwartz, Emily G McDonald, Radha Rajasingham, Todd C Lee, Kathy H Hullsiek
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) occurs after exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For persons who are exposed, the standard of care is observation and quarantine. Whether hydroxychloroquine can prevent symptomatic infection after SARS-CoV-2 exposure is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across the United States and parts of Canada testing hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis...
August 6, 2020: New England Journal of Medicine
#32
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
John H Beigel, Kay M Tomashek, Lori E Dodd, Aneesh K Mehta, Barry S Zingman, Andre C Kalil, Elizabeth Hohmann, Helen Y Chu, Annie Luetkemeyer, Susan Kline, Diego Lopez de Castilla, Robert W Finberg, Kerry Dierberg, Victor Tapson, Lanny Hsieh, Thomas F Patterson, Roger Paredes, Daniel A Sweeney, William R Short, Giota Touloumi, David Chien Lye, Norio Ohmagari, Myoung-Don Oh, Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios, Thomas Benfield, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Mark G Kortepeter, Robert L Atmar, C Buddy Creech, Jens Lundgren, Abdel G Babiker, Sarah Pett, James D Neaton, Timothy H Burgess, Tyler Bonnett, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Anu Osinusi, Seema Nayak, H Clifford Lane
BACKGROUND: Although several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral agents have yet been shown to be efficacious. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous remdesivir in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either remdesivir (200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for up to 9 additional days) or placebo for up to 10 days...
November 5, 2020: New England Journal of Medicine
#33
MULTICENTER STUDY
Jamie S Hirsch, Jia H Ng, Daniel W Ross, Purva Sharma, Hitesh H Shah, Richard L Barnett, Azzour D Hazzan, Steven Fishbane, Kenar D Jhaveri
The rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with patients hospitalized with Covid-19, and associated outcomes are not well understood. This study describes the presentation, risk factors and outcomes of AKI in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. We reviewed the health records for all patients hospitalized with Covid-19 between March 1, and April 5, 2020, at 13 academic and community hospitals in metropolitan New York. Patients younger than 18 years of age, with end stage kidney disease or with a kidney transplant were excluded...
July 2020: Kidney International
#34
REVIEW
Martin Aringer, Nicolai Leuchten, Sindhu R Johnson
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Classification criteria define the patient population for clinical trials and translational studies, but also influence current understanding of the disease. This review attempts to delineate the development from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1982 to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/ACR 2019 classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). RECENT FINDINGS: The new EULAR/ACR classification criteria use antinuclear antibodies (ANA) as an entry criterion...
May 13, 2020: Current Rheumatology Reports
#35
Andrew S Levey, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Nijsje M Dorman, Stacy L Christiansen, Ewout J Hoorn, Julie R Ingelfinger, Lesley A Inker, Adeera Levin, Rajnish Mehrotra, Paul M Palevsky, Mark A Perazella, Allison Tong, Susan J Allison, Detlef Bockenhauer, Josephine P Briggs, Jonathan S Bromberg, Andrew Davenport, Harold I Feldman, Denis Fouque, Ron T Gansevoort, John S Gill, Eddie L Greene, Brenda R Hemmelgarn, Matthias Kretzler, Mark Lambie, Pascale H Lane, Joseph Laycock, Shari E Leventhal, Michael Mittelman, Patricia Morrissey, Marlies Ostermann, Lesley Rees, Pierre Ronco, Franz Schaefer, Jennifer St Clair Russell, Caroline Vinck, Stephen B Walsh, Daniel E Weiner, Michael Cheung, Michel Jadoul, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
The worldwide burden of kidney disease is rising, but public awareness remains limited, underscoring the need for more effective communication by stakeholders in the kidney health community. Despite this need for clarity, the nomenclature for describing kidney function and disease lacks uniformity. In June 2019, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) convened a Consensus Conference with the goal of standardizing and refining the nomenclature used in the English language to describe kidney function and disease, and of developing a glossary that could be used in scientific publications...
June 2020: Kidney International
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenhua Liang, Hengrui Liang, Limin Ou, Binfeng Chen, Ailan Chen, Caichen Li, Yimin Li, Weijie Guan, Ling Sang, Jiatao Lu, Yuanda Xu, Guoqiang Chen, Haiyan Guo, Jun Guo, Zisheng Chen, Yi Zhao, Shiyue Li, Nuofu Zhang, Nanshan Zhong, Jianxing He
IMPORTANCE: Early identification of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may develop critical illness is of great importance and may aid in delivering proper treatment and optimizing use of resources. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a clinical score at hospital admission for predicting which patients with COVID-19 will develop critical illness based on a nationwide cohort in China. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Collaborating with the National Health Commission of China, we established a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions as of January 31, 2020...
August 1, 2020: JAMA Internal Medicine
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Venkatesan, A R Tunkel, K C Bloch, A S Lauring, J Sejvar, A Bitnun, J-P Stahl, A Mailles, M Drebot, C E Rupprecht, J Yoder, J R Cope, M R Wilson, R J Whitley, J Sullivan, J Granerod, C Jones, K Eastwood, K N Ward, D N Durrheim, M V Solbrig, L Guo-Dong, C A Glaser
BACKGROUND: Encephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in diagnosis and management have been limited, in part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, and priorities for research. METHODS: In March 2012, the International Encephalitis Consortium, a committee begun in 2010 with members worldwide, held a meeting in Atlanta to discuss recent advances in encephalitis and to set priorities for future study...
October 2013: Clinical Infectious Diseases
#38
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Ivor S Douglas, Philip M Alapat, Keith A Corl, Matthew C Exline, Lui G Forni, Andre L Holder, David A Kaufman, Akram Khan, Mitchell M Levy, Gregory S Martin, Jennifer A Sahatjian, Eric Seeley, Wesley H Self, Jeremy A Weingarten, Mark Williams, Douglas M Hansell
BACKGROUND: Fluid and vasopressor management in septic shock remains controversial. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of dynamic measures (stroke volume change during passive leg raise) to guide resuscitation and improve patient outcome. RESEARCH QUESTION: Will resuscitation that is guided by dynamic assessments of fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock improve patient outcomes? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial at 13 hospitals in the United States and United Kingdom...
October 2020: Chest
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fei Xiang, Xiaorong Wang, Xinliang He, Zhenghong Peng, Bohan Yang, Jianchu Zhang, Qiong Zhou, Hong Ye, Yanling Ma, Hui Li, Xiaoshan Wei, Pengcheng Cai, Wan-Li Ma
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been rapidly spreading nationwide and abroad. A serologic test to identify antibody dynamics and response to SARS-CoV-2 was developed. METHODS: The antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 at 3-40 days after symptom onset...
November 5, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
#40
REVIEW
Anthony S Kim
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the evidence base and recommendations for medical management for secondary stroke prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent developments for secondary stroke prevention include evidence to support the use of short-term dual antiplatelet therapy after minor stroke and transient ischemic attack, direct oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, reversal agents for direct oral anticoagulant-associated hemorrhage, and aspirin rather than presumptive anticoagulation with a direct oral anticoagulant for embolic stroke of undetermined source...
April 2020: Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology
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