collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37037418/role-of-surgical-pathologist-for-the-detection-of-immuno-oncologic-predictive-factors-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancers
#1
REVIEW
Sambit K Mohanty, Sourav K Mishra, Mahul B Amin, Abbas Agaimy, Florian Fuchs
Until very recently, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been the mainstay of treatment in non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs). However, recent advances in molecular immunology have unveiled some of the complexity of the mechanisms regulating cellular immune responses and led to the successful targeting of immune checkpoints in attempts to enhance antitumor T-cell responses. Immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4, programmed cell death protein-1, and programmed death ligand (PD-L) 1 have been shown to play central roles in evading cancer immunity...
May 1, 2023: Advances in Anatomic Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35778770/prognostic-significance-of-4r-lymph-node-dissection-in-patients-with-right-primary-non-small-cell-lung-cancer
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Di Zhou, Dongsheng Yue, Zhenfa Zhang, Pengfei Tian, Yingnan Feng, Zuo Liu, Bin Zhang, Meng Wang, Xiaoliang Zhao, Changli Wang
BACKGROUND: To investigate the prognostic significance of station 4R lymph node (LN) dissection in patients who underwent operations for right primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study involving patients with right primary NSCLC who received lobotomy or pneumonectomy with mediastinal LN dissection between January 2011 and December 2017. Propensity score matching was performed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with and without station 4R dissection...
July 1, 2022: World Journal of Surgical Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35780135/a-retrospective-analysis-of-serous-effusions-based-on-the-newly-proposed-international-system-for-reporting-serous-fluid-cytopathology-a-report-of-3633-cases-in-an-oncological-center
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan-Li Zhu, Wen-Hao Ren, Qian Wang, Hai-Zhu Jin, Yi-Yi Guo, Dong-Mei Lin
BACKGROUND: The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (TIS) was recently proposed. We retrospectively applied TIS recommendations for reporting the cytological diagnosis of serous effusions and reported our experience. METHODS: All the serous effusions from January 2018 to September 2021 were retrieved from the database. Recategorization was performed using the TIS classification, the risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each TIS category...
July 2, 2022: Diagnostic Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34176698/nut-carcinoma-of-the-lung
#4
REVIEW
Sylvie Lantuejoul, Daniel Pissaloux, Gilbert R Ferretti, Anne McLeer
NUT carcinoma of the thorax is a rare and very aggressive tumor, whose definition is based on the demonstration of a nuclear protein in testis (NUTM1; also known as NUT) gene fusion on 15q14 with different partners from the bromodomain-containing proteins gene family. This fusion results in an activation of MYC oncoprotein responsible for the tumor's aggressivity. NUT carcinoma arises preferentially in young adults, presenting a large thoracic mass frequently associated with lymph nodes, bone or pleural metastases...
September 2021: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33209646/new-molecular-classification-of-large-cell-neuroendocrine-carcinoma-and-small-cell-lung-carcinoma-with-potential-therapeutic-impacts
#5
REVIEW
Sylvie Lantuejoul, Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta, Francesca Damiola, Nicolas Girard, Anne McLeer
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNECs) and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) are high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung with very aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Their histological classification as well as their therapeutic management has not changed much in recent years, but genomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed different molecular subtypes raising hopes for more personalized treatment. Indeed, four subtypes of SCLCs have been recently described, SCLC-A driven by the master gene ASCL1, SCLC-N driven by NEUROD1, SCLC-Y by YAP1 and SCLC-P by POU2F3...
October 2020: Translational Lung Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32943413/birt-hogg-dub%C3%A3-syndrome
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cécile Daccord, Jean-Marc Good, Marie-Anne Morren, Olivier Bonny, Daniel Hohl, Romain Lazor
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a rare inherited autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene FLCN , encoding the protein folliculin. Its clinical expression typically includes multiple pulmonary cysts, recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas and renal tumours of various histological types. BHD has no sex predilection and tends to manifest in the third or fourth decade of life. Multiple bilateral pulmonary cysts are found on chest computed tomography in >80% of patients and more than half experience one or more episodes of pneumothorax...
September 30, 2020: European Respiratory Review: An Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32549242/8th-edition-tumor-node-and-metastasis-t-stage-prognosis-discrepancies-solid-component-diameter-predicts-prognosis-better-than-invasive-component-diameter
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuhito Funai, Akikazu Kawase, Kiyomichi Mizuno, Sin Koyama, Norihiko Shiiya
The biggest change in the 8th edition of the tumor, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) classification is the recommendation of the solid component diameter and invasive size for determining the clinical and pathological T-factor, respectively. Here, we validated new proposals for the Lung Cancer TNM classification's revision and compared clinical and pathological T-stages. We retrospectively analyzed 177 cases of non-small cell lung cancers without lymph node metastasis, and involving complete resection, that occurred in our department between January 2017 and March 2019...
June 15, 2020: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32145220/typical-and-atypical-carcinoid-tumors-of-the-lung-a-clinicopathological-correlation-of-783-cases-with-emphasis-on-histological-features
#8
MULTICENTER STUDY
Cesar A Moran, Kaleigh E Lindholm, Hans Brunnström, Gerald Langman, Se Jin Jang, Dominic Spagnolo, Siaw Ming Chai, Andrew Laycock, Giovanni Falconieri, Stefano Pizzolitto, Alessandro de Pellegrin, Filomena Medeiros, Lilian Edmunds, Ana Catarino, Fernando Cunha, Jae Ro, Sergio Pina-Oviedo, Jose Torrealba, Domenico Coppola, Fredrik Petersson, Ming Lian Oon, Goran Elmberger, Santiago Ramon Y Cajal, Irene Sansano Valero, Liliana Dalurzo, Fernando Soares, Antonio H Campos, Semir Vranic, Faruk Skenderi, Arlene M Correa, Boris Sepesi, David Rice, Reza Mehran, Garrett Walsh
We present 783 surgical resections of typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung identified in the pathology files of 20 different pathology departments. All cases were critically reviewed for clinical and pathological features and further correlated with clinical outcomes. Long-term follow-up was obtained in all the patients and statistically analyzed to determine significance of the different parameters evaluated. Of the histopathological features analyzed, the presence of mitotic activity of 4 mitoses or more per 2 mm2 , necrosis, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis were identified as statistically significant...
April 2020: Human Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31943337/updates-on-spread-through-air-spaces-stas-in-lung-cancer
#9
REVIEW
Angela R Shih, Mari Mino-Kenudson
Air space invasion of tumours, particularly spread through air spaces (STAS), is a relatively recent concept that has been identified as a novel mechanism of invasion. It has predominantly been described in lung adenocarcinoma, although it may be seen in other primary lung malignancies as well. STAS in lung cancer has been reported to have numerous associations with poor survival. The objective of this article was to review the concept of air space invasion, update findings regarding its clinical impact, and discuss controversies in the field...
August 2020: Histopathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31796876/validation-of-the-international-tumor-budding-consensus-conference-itbcc-2016-recommendation-in-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-lung-a-single-center-analysis-of-354-cases
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Neppl, Inti Zlobec, Ralph A Schmid, Sabina Berezowska
There are no universally accepted grading systems in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (pSQCC). Recently, tumor budding, cell nest size, and spread through airspaces (STAS) have been proposed as grading scheme candidates. Tumor budding is a well-established independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. The International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) provided consensus on scoring in 2016, albeit for colorectal cancers. Here, we aimed to validate the ITBCC method in pSQCC and evaluate additional proposed grading parameters...
December 3, 2019: Modern Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31554702/the-genetics-of-interstitial-lung-diseases
#11
REVIEW
Raphael Borie, Pierre Le Guen, Mada Ghanem, Camille Taillé, Clairelyne Dupin, Philippe Dieudé, Caroline Kannengiesser, Bruno Crestani
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a set of heterogeneous lung diseases characterised by inflammation and, in some cases, fibrosis. These lung conditions lead to dyspnoea, cough, abnormalities in gas exchange, restrictive physiology (characterised by decreased lung volumes), hypoxaemia and, if progressive, respiratory failure. In some cases, ILDs can be caused by systemic diseases or environmental exposures. The ability to treat or cure these ILDs varies based on the subtype and in many cases lung transplantation remains the only curative therapy...
September 30, 2019: European Respiratory Review: An Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31762941/tumor-mutational-burden-in-lung-cancer-a-systematic-literature-review
#12
REVIEW
Connor Willis, Michelle Fiander, Dao Tran, Beata Korytowsky, John-Michael Thomas, Florencio Calderon, Teresa M Zyczynski, Diana Brixner, David D Stenehjem
Purpose: To assess the association of tumor mutational burden (TMB) with clinical outcomes, other biomarkers and patient/disease characteristics in patients receiving therapy for lung cancer. Results: In total, 4,303 publications were identified; 81 publications were included. The majority of publications assessing clinical efficacy of immunotherapy reported an association with high TMB, particularly when assessing progression-free survival and objective response rate. High TMB was consistently associated with TP53 alterations, and negatively associated with EGFR mutations...
November 12, 2019: Oncotarget
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31737508/immunotherapy-in-egfr-mutant-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-when-who-and-how
#13
EDITORIAL
Debora Bruno, Afshin Dowlati
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 2019: Translational Lung Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31731749/tumor-mutational-burden-and-efficacy-of-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jong Yeob Kim, Andreas Kronbichler, Michael Eisenhut, Sung Hwi Hong, Hans J van der Vliet, Jeonghyun Kang, Jae Il Shin, Gabriele Gamerith
Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a genomic biomarker that predicts favorable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Here, we set out to assess the predictive value of TMB on long-term survival outcomes in patients undergoing ICIs. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to 6 August 2019. We included retrospective studies or clinical trials of ICIs that reported hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS) according to TMB...
November 15, 2019: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31621873/lung-biopsy-findings-in-severe-pulmonary-illness-associated-with-e-cigarette-use-vaping
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, Mitra Mehrad, Pedro Dammert, Andrea V Arrossi, Rakesh Sarda, David S Brenner, Fabien Maldonado, Humberto Choi, Michael Ghobrial
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this report is to describe the lung biopsy findings in vaping-associated pulmonary illness. METHODS: Lung biopsies from eight patients with vaping-associated pulmonary illness were reviewed. RESULTS: The biopsies were from eight men (aged 19-61 years) with respiratory symptoms following e-cigarette use (vaping). Workup for infection was negative in all cases, and there was no evidence for other etiologies. Imaging showed diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities in all patients...
January 1, 2020: American Journal of Clinical Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30815049/desquamative-interstitial-pneumonia-with-clinical-radiological-and-histologic-correlation
#16
Miras Medenica, Milic Medenica
Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis are entities of smoking-related ILD. While clinically regarded as 2 separate forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, DIP, and respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD are thought to be representing ends of a continuous spectrum of disease that primarily affects tobacco smokers. This case report presents a 53-year-old female patient who has 58 pack-year smoking history who has been experiencing a dry cough and epigastric pains for 2 years...
April 2019: Radiology Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31378236/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-epidemiology-screening-diagnosis-and-treatment
#17
REVIEW
Narjust Duma, Rafael Santana-Davila, Julian R Molina
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in the science of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Screening has been introduced with the goal of early detection. The National Lung Screening Trial found a lung cancer mortality benefit of 20% and a 6.7% decrease in all-cause mortality with the use of low-dose chest computed tomography in high-risk individuals. The treatment of lung cancer has also evolved with the introduction of several lines of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and NTRK mutations...
August 2019: Mayo Clinic Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31438559/adam17-an-emerging-therapeutic-target-for-lung-cancer
#18
REVIEW
Mohamed I Saad, Stefan Rose-John, Brendan J Jenkins
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, which histologically is classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer diagnoses, with the majority of patients presenting with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). KRAS mutations are a major driver of LAC, and are closely related to cigarette smoking, unlike mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which arise in never-smokers. Although the past two decades have seen fundamental progress in the treatment and diagnosis of NSCLC, NSCLC still is predominantly diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic interventions are mostly palliative...
August 21, 2019: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31471895/tumor-mutational-burden-assessed-by-targeted-ngs-predicts-clinical-benefit-from-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer
#19
MULTICENTER STUDY
Ilaria Alborelli, Katharina Leonards, Sacha I Rothschild, Laura P Leuenberger, Spasenija Savic Prince, Kirsten D Mertz, Severin Poechtrager, Martin Buess, Alfred Zippelius, Heinz Läubli, Jasmin Haegele, Markus Tolnay, Lukas Bubendorf, Luca Quagliata, Philip Jermann
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) significantly improve overall survival (OS). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as a predictive biomarker for patients treated with ICIs. Here, we evaluated the predictive power of TMB measured by the Oncomine™ Tumor Mutational Load targeted sequencing assay in 76 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. TMB was assessed retrospectively in 76 NSCLC patients receiving ICI therapy. Clinical data (RECIST 1.1) were collected and patients were classified as having either durable clinical benefit (DCB) or no durable benefit (NDB)...
January 2020: Journal of Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31367543/treatment-of-uncommon-egfr-mutations-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-new-evidence-and-treatment
#20
REVIEW
Tianli Zhang, Bing Wan, Yuan Zhao, Chuling Li, Hongbing Liu, Tangfeng Lv, Ping Zhan, Yong Song
Sensitizing mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated with positive responses to anti-EGFR-targeted therapy, leading to a new era of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R substitutions are the most common mutations, accounting for approximately 90% mutations in NSCLC; these are termed classic mutations and result in high sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Other EGFR mutations are termed uncommon EGFR mutations, of which G719X, S768I, L861Q, exon 20 insertions, and complex mutations are the most frequent...
June 2019: Translational Lung Cancer Research
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