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REVIEW
Shinsuke Tanizaki
Respiratory tract injuries caused by inhalation of smoke or chemical products are related to significant morbidity and mortality. While many strategies have been built up to manage cutaneous burn injuries, few logical diagnostic strategies for patients with inhalation injuries exist and almost all treatment is supportive. The goals of initial management are to ensure that the airway allows adequate oxygenation and ventilation and to avoid ventilator-induced lung injury and substances that may complicate subsequent care...
2015: Open Access Emergency Medicine: OAEM
#22
REVIEW
Rubén Gómez, Leopoldo C Cancio
This article makes some introductory comments on the histology of the skin and the pathophysiology of burn injury as these topics pertain to the estimation of the depth of the burn injury. The definition of a major burn and the salient points of its treatment are covered. In addition, some general comments are made about several special injuries for which burn center referral usually is sought. Finally, guidance is given in the selection and treatment of patients who have burns that may be treated on an outpatient basis...
February 2007: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
#23
REVIEW
Brit Long, Alex Koyfman
BACKGROUND: Syncope is a common emergency department (ED) complaint, accounting for 2% of visits annually. A wide variety of etiologies can result in syncope, and vascular causes may be deadly. OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates vascular causes of syncope and their evaluation and management in the ED. DISCUSSION: Syncope is defined by a brief loss of consciousness with loss of postural tone and complete, spontaneous recovery without medical intervention...
September 2017: Journal of Emergency Medicine
#24
REVIEW
Brit Long, Alex Koyfman
BACKGROUND: Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is the primary management of anemia, which affects 90% of critically ill patients. Anemia has been associated with a poor prognosis in various settings, including critical illness. Recent literature has shown a hemoglobin transfusion threshold of 7 g/dL to be safe. This review examines several aspects of transfusion. OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide emergency physicians with an updated review of indications for RBC transfusion in the emergency department...
August 2016: Journal of Emergency Medicine
#25
REVIEW
Daniel A Lichtenstein
This review article describes two protocols adapted from lung ultrasound: the bedside lung ultrasound in emergency (BLUE)-protocol for the immediate diagnosis of acute respiratory failure and the fluid administration limited by lung sonography (FALLS)-protocol for the management of acute circulatory failure. These applications require the mastery of 10 signs indicating normal lung surface (bat sign, lung sliding, A-lines), pleural effusions (quad and sinusoid sign), lung consolidations (fractal and tissue-like sign), interstitial syndrome (lung rockets), and pneumothorax (stratosphere sign and the lung point)...
June 2015: Chest
#26
REVIEW
Juan C Grignola, Enric Domingo
The role of the left ventricle in ICU patients with circulatory shock has long been considered. However, acute right ventricle (RV) dysfunction causes and aggravates many common critical diseases (acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, and postoperative cardiac surgery). Several supportive therapies, including mechanical ventilation and fluid management, can make RV dysfunction worse, potentially exacerbating shock. We briefly review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and recommendations to guide management of acute RV dysfunction in ICU patients...
2017: BioMed Research International
#27
REVIEW
Tomer Avni, Adi Lador, Shaul Lev, Leonard Leibovici, Mical Paul, Alon Grossman
OBJECTIVE: International guidelines recommend dopamine or norepinephrine as first-line vasopressor agents in septic shock. Phenylephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin and terlipressin are considered second-line agents. Our objective was to assess the evidence for the efficiency and safety of all vasopressors in septic shock. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched electronic database of MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS and conference proceedings up to June 2014...
2015: PloS One
#28
REVIEW
Tài Pham, Laurent J Brochard, Arthur S Slutsky
Mechanical ventilation is the most used short-term life support technique worldwide and is applied daily for a diverse spectrum of indications, from scheduled surgical procedures to acute organ failure. This state-of-the-art review provides an update on the basic physiology of respiratory mechanics, the working principles, and the main ventilatory settings, as well as the potential complications of mechanical ventilation. Specific ventilatory approaches in particular situations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are detailed along with protective ventilation in patients with normal lungs...
September 2017: Mayo Clinic Proceedings
#29
REVIEW
Hitesh Gidwani, Hernando Gómez
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Rapid restoration of tissue perfusion and oxygenation are the main goals in the resuscitation of a patient with circulatory collapse. This review will focus on providing an evidence based framework of the technological and conceptual advances in the evaluation and management of the patient with cardiovascular collapse. RECENT FINDINGS: The initial approach to the patient in cardiovascular collapse continues to be based on the Ventilate-Infuse-Pump rule...
December 2017: Current Opinion in Critical Care
#30
REVIEW
Joost J L M Bierens, Philippe Lunetta, Mike Tipton, David S Warner
Drowning physiology relates to two different events: immersion (upper airway above water) and submersion (upper airway under water). Immersion involves integrated cardiorespiratory responses to skin and deep body temperature, including cold shock, physical incapacitation, and hypovolemia, as precursors of collapse and submersion. The physiology of submersion includes fear of drowning, diving response, autonomic conflict, upper airway reflexes, water aspiration and swallowing, emesis, and electrolyte disorders...
March 2016: Physiology
#31
REVIEW
Theresa M Olasveengen, Allan R de Caen, Mary E Mancini, Ian K Maconochie, Richard Aickin, Dianne L Atkins, Robert A Berg, Robert M Bingham, Steven C Brooks, Maaret Castrén, Sung Phil Chung, Julie Considine, Thomaz Bittencourt Couto, Raffo Escalante, Raúl J Gazmuri, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Rudolph W Koster, Peter J Kudenchuk, Eddy Lang, Swee Han Lim, Bo Løfgren, Peter A Meaney, William H Montgomery, Peter T Morley, Laurie J Morrison, Kevin J Nation, Kee-Chong Ng, Vinay M Nadkarni, Chika Nishiyama, Gabrielle Nuthall, Gene Yong-Kwang Ong, Gavin D Perkins, Amelia G Reis, Giuseppe Ristagno, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Michael R Sayre, Stephen M Schexnayder, Alfredo F Sierra, Eunice M Singletary, Naoki Shimizu, Michael A Smyth, David Stanton, Janice A Tijssen, Andrew Travers, Christian Vaillancourt, Patrick Van de Voorde, Mary Fran Hazinski, Jerry P Nolan
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a near-continuous review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation science that replaces the previous 5-year cyclic batch-and-queue approach process. This is the first of an annual series of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations summary articles that will include the cardiopulmonary resuscitation science reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in the previous year...
December 5, 2017: Circulation
#32
EDITORIAL
Paul E Marik
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 2016: Critical Care Medicine
#33
EDITORIAL
C A Hagberg, Joseph C Gabel, R T Connis
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 2015: British Journal of Anaesthesia
#34
REVIEW
Robert E O'Connor, Abdulaziz S Al Ali, William J Brady, Chris A Ghaemmaghami, Venu Menon, Michelle Welsford, Michael Shuster
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 3, 2015: Circulation
#35
REVIEW
Michael L Moritz, Juan C Ayus
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 2015: New England Journal of Medicine
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ian M Gralnek, Jean-Marc Dumonceau, Ernst J Kuipers, Angel Lanas, David S Sanders, Matthew Kurien, Gianluca Rotondano, Tomas Hucl, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Riccardo Marmo, Istvan Racz, Alberto Arezzo, Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann, Gilles Lesur, Roberto de Franchis, Lars Aabakken, Andrew Veitch, Franco Radaelli, Paulo Salgueiro, Ricardo Cardoso, Luís Maia, Angelo Zullo, Livio Cipolletta, Cesare Hassan
This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). It addresses the diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH). Main Recommendations MR1. ESGE recommends immediate assessment of hemodynamic status in patients who present with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH), with prompt intravascular volume replacement initially using crystalloid fluids if hemodynamic instability exists (strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence)...
October 2015: Endoscopy
#37
REVIEW
Bandarn Suetrong, Keith R Walley
Increased blood lactate concentration (hyperlactatemia) and lactic acidosis (hyperlactatemia and serum pH < 7.35) are common in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In some patients, most of the lactate that is produced in shock states is due to inadequate oxygen delivery resulting in tissue hypoxia and causing anaerobic glycolysis. However, lactate formation during sepsis is not entirely related to tissue hypoxia or reversible by increasing oxygen delivery...
January 2016: Chest
#38
REVIEW
Susan R Wilcox, Christopher Kabrhel, Richard N Channick
Pulmonary hypertension is a hemodynamic condition, defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure by right-sided heart catheterization of at least 25 mm Hg at rest. It is classified into 5 general groups based on the underlying cause, with left ventricular failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being 2 of the most common causes in the United States. Although the specifics of the pathophysiology will vary with the cause, appreciating the risks of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure is critical to appropriately evaluating and resuscitating pulmonary hypertension patients in the emergency department (ED)...
December 2015: Annals of Emergency Medicine
#39
REVIEW
Leonardo Lima Rocha, Camila Menezes Souza Pessoa, Thiago Domingos Corrêa, Adriano José Pereira, Murillo Santucci Cesar de Assunção, Eliézer Silva
Severe sepsis and septic shock represent a major healthcare challenge. Much of the improvement in mortality associated with septic shock is related to early recognition combined with timely fluid resuscitation and adequate antibiotics administration. The main goals of septic shock resuscitation include intravascular replenishment, maintenance of adequate perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery to tissues. To achieve those goals, fluid responsiveness evaluation and complementary interventions - i.e. vasopressors, inotropes and blood transfusion - may be necessary...
September 2015: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
#40
REVIEW
Ravi G Gupta, Sarah M Hartigan, Markos G Kashiouris, Curtis N Sessler, Gonzalo M L Bearman
Severe sepsis and septic shock are among the leading causes of mortality in the intensive care unit. Over a decade ago, early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) emerged as a novel approach for reducing sepsis mortality and was incorporated into guidelines published by the international Surviving Sepsis Campaign. In addition to requiring early detection of sepsis and prompt initiation of antibiotics, the EGDT protocol requires invasive patient monitoring to guide resuscitation with intravenous fluids, vasopressors, red cell transfusions, and inotropes...
August 28, 2015: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
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