Muerte súbita y maratón

Since antiquity, the athlete has been elevated to a heroic status both within small communities and at the international level. Although numerous population studies have estimated athletic sudden death to be a rare event, the consequences resonate far beyond those directly affected. Sports cardiology has evolved as a result of these tragedies, which highlighted a need for safer play and more programmatic protection of the athlete in play. In this article, athletic sudden death is analyzed from a historical and literary perspective and the development of modern initiatives to protect athletes from sudden death is reviewed...

Creatine is one of the most popular and widely researched natural supplements. The majority of studies have focused on the effects of creatine monohydrate on performance and health; however, many other forms of creatine exist and are commercially available in the sports nutrition/supplement market. Regardless of the form, supplementation with creatine has regularly shown to increase strength, fat free mass, and muscle morphology with concurrent heavy resistance training more than resistance training alone. Creatine may be of benefit in other modes of exercise such as high-intensity sprints or endurance training...

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes during physical stress is a rare event with an incidence of 1-3 deaths per 100,000 athletes per year. A coronary anomaly is the second most common cause of death following hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Symptomatic prodromes occur in 20% of cases prior to the SCD event. This case report describes a 35-year-old male who collapsed near the finishing line of a half marathon run. Despite immediate resuscitation attempts and initial return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), a pulseless electrical activity (PEA) followed and the patient died 1 h after arrival in the resuscitation unit...

Cerebral edema due to exercise-associated hyponatremia and cardiac arrest due to atherosclerotic heart disease cause rare marathon-related fatalities in young female and middle-aged male runners, respectively. Studies in asymptomatic middle-aged male physician-runners during races identified inflammation due to skeletal muscle injury after glycogen depletion as the shared underlying cause. Nonosmotic secretion of arginine vasopressin as a neuroendocrine stress response to rhabdomyolysis mediates hyponatremia as a variant of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion...

OBJECTIVE: There is a risk for sudden cardiac death and nonfatal arrhythmias for marathon runners. A new telemedical approach to prevent sudden cardiac death could be online electrocardiogram monitoring during endurance sport events, which would allow the emergency services located along the running track to initiate instantaneous therapy. In a first proof-of-concept study we evaluate the feasibility of recording, transferring and analysing an electrocardiogram via a mobile phone (electrocardiogram streaming) and compare the quality to a conventional Holter electrocardiogram during marathon running...

There are several potential causes for an athlete to collapse without trauma on the playing or practice field. Fortunately, most of the time the etiology is benign and recovery is rapid and uneventful. However, when faced with a collapsed athlete, medical personnel need to be prepared for life-threatening conditions until these conditions are ruled out. The most common cause of atraumatic sudden death in athletes is cardiac arrest, usually because of a variety of underlying cardiac conditions. Immediate initiation of CPR with rapid AED use can be the key to survival...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest and sudden death during distance-running events have been reported but other medical complications, including serious life-threatening complications have not been well described. OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence and nature of medical complications during 21 and 56 km running races. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Two Oceans Marathon races (21 and 56 km races). PARTICIPANTS: 65 865 race starters (39 511-21 km runners, 26 354-56 km runners)...

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to reliably define the incidence and causes of sudden death in college student-athletes. BACKGROUND: The frequency with which cardiovascular-related sudden death occurs in competitive athletes importantly influences considerations for pre-participation screening strategies. METHODS: We assessed databases (including autopsy reports) from both the U.S. National Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (2002 to 2011)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and assess the outcomes of cardiac arrest occurring in the context of participation in marathon or half-marathon races. DESIGN: Incidence study. SETTING: Data came from long-distance race records in the United States from January 1, 2001, to May 31, 2010. PARTICIPANTS: All participants were registered entrants in the long-distance races. Participation statistics (sex, participant identity numbers, and race distance) were publicly accessible from Running USA...

Sudden cardiac death is a rare condition resulting from undetected cardiac abnormalities in athletes and non-athletes. Participant screening, immediate and advanced medical management can probably reduce mortality and ameliorate outcomes. In recent years, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has emerged as a valuable therapeutic option in patients experiencing refractory cardiac arrest as a bridge to different types of outcome, including recovery, heart transplantation or ventricular assist device and organ donations...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Sudden death (SD) in young competitive athletes due to cardiovascular disease is an important community issue with relevance to designing effective screening initiatives. However, the frequency with which these tragic events occur importantly affects considerations for selecting the most appropriate screening strategy. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and causes of cardiovascular SDs in Minnesota high school athletes. METHODS: The forensic case records of the US National Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes were interrogated to identify those events judged to be cardiovascular in origin, occurring in organized competitive interscholastic sports participants...

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to estimate the costs of a national electrocardiographic (ECG) screening of athletes in the United States and the number of lives that would be saved by that program. BACKGROUND: A single study from Italy suggests that mandatory ECG screening of athletes reduces their risk of sudden cardiac death. Based on that study, ECG screening of athletes is endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology, though not by the American Heart Association...

CONTEXT: A recent cluster of sudden cardiac deaths in marathon runners has attracted considerable media attention and evoked concern over the safety of long-distance running and competition. This review discusses the acute and potential long-term risks associated with marathon running and puts these into perspective with the many health benefits afforded by habitual vigorous exercise. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Data sources included peer-reviewed publications from 1979 to January 2010 as identified via PubMed and popular media...

A daily routine of physical activity is highly beneficial in the prevention and treatment of many prevalent chronic diseases, especially of the cardiovascular (CV) system. However, chronic, excessive sustained endurance exercise may cause adverse structural remodeling of the heart and large arteries. An evolving body of data indicates that chronically training for and participating in extreme endurance competitions such as marathons, ultra-marathons, Iron-man distance triathlons, very long distance bicycle racing, etc...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in men and women. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Two popular urban 42 km marathons. PARTICIPANTS: 1982 to 2009 finishers. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS: Race records were assessed for finishers, age distribution and cardiac events by sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The SCA/SCD incidence for all (total), male and female finishers...

BACKGROUND: As participation in marathon running has increased, there has also been concern regarding its safety. PURPOSE: To determine if the increase in marathon participation from 2000 to 2009 has affected mortality and overall performance. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: We used publicly available racing and news databases to analyze the number of marathon races, finishing race times, and deaths from 2000 to 2009 in marathons in the United States...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and the management of this risk in patients with asymptomatic preexcitation remain controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to define the incidence of SCD and supraventricular tachycardia in patients with asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White ECG pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a systematic search of prospective, retrospective, randomized, or cohort English-language studies in EMBASE and Medline through February 2011...