collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26113433/anti-social-behaviors-associated-with-anabolic-androgenic-steroid-use-among-male-adolescents
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mats Hallgren, Harrison G Pope, Gen Kanayama, James I Hudson, Andreas Lundin, Håkan Källmén
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) have been linked to a range of problematic behaviors, but AAS use is still sometimes portrayed as more benign than other forms of classical drug abuse. To address this issue, we compared the prevalence of anti-social behaviors among adolescent AAS users, non-AAS illicit drug users, and drug non-users. We examined 3 waves (2004, 2008, and 2012) of self-reported cross-sectional data from a secondary school survey conducted in Stockholm, Sweden (total n = 19,773; response percentage, 79...
2015: European Addiction Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26122756/training-response-inhibition-to-food-is-associated-with-weight-loss-and-reduced-energy-intake
#22
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Natalia S Lawrence, Jamie O'Sullivan, David Parslow, Mahmood Javaid, Rachel C Adams, Christopher D Chambers, Katarina Kos, Frederick Verbruggen
The majority of adults in the UK and US are overweight or obese due to multiple factors including excess energy intake. Training people to inhibit simple motor responses (key presses) to high-energy density food pictures reduces intake in laboratory studies. We examined whether online response inhibition training reduced real-world food consumption and weight in a community sample of adults who were predominantly overweight or obese (N = 83). Participants were allocated in a randomised, double-blind design to receive four 10-min sessions of either active or control go/no-go training in which either high-energy density snack foods (active) or non-food stimuli (control) were associated with no-go signals...
December 2015: Appetite
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24845226/affective-decision-making-in-women-with-borderline-personality-disorder
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeannette LeGris, Maggie Toplak, Paul S Links
The affective decision making of 41 recently treated outpatient women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was compared to 41 healthy controls using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Non-affective executive functions (EF) of working memory, interference control, and motor inhibition were also compared. Associations among affective and non-affective EF were examined. Despite normal range intelligence, Stroop interference, motor inhibition, and working memory, women with BPD made significantly more disadvantageous IGT decisions than controls (Cohen's d = ...
October 2014: Journal of Personality Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25893556/comorbidity-of-borderline-personality-disorder-and-lifetime-substance-use-disorders-in-a-nationally-representative-sample
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan W Carpenter, Phillip K Wood, Timothy J Trull
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is comorbid with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, most epidemiological work on BPD and SUDs has collapsed nonalcohol substances into a drug use disorder indicator, potentially obscuring patterns of association between BPD and individal SUDs. Using a nationally representative sample (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions; N = 34,481), the authors examined the association between lifetime BPD and nine lifetime SUDs. First, the authors examined the bivariate association of BPD and each SUD...
June 2016: Journal of Personality Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26079976/alcohol-dependent-subjects-show-different-personality-traits-compared-with-subjects-with-multiple-substance-dependence-preliminary-data
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabi Koller, Ullrich Preuss, Osman Lü, Michael Soyka, Oliver Pogarell
METHODS: We compared personality traits of 27 persons with multiple substance dependence with personality data of 52 alcohol-dependent persons regarding their personality traits and disorders (obtained by using SCID-II, TCI and NEO FFI). Both patient groups were free of any other mental disorder. RESULTS: In SKD-II, we found significant differences in the male group in dependent and scizotypic personality disorder. There were no significant differences in the female group, but sample was very small...
July 2015: Journal of Addiction Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26112757/chronic-treatment-with-the-vasopressin-1b-receptor-antagonist-ssr149415-prevents-the-dysphoria-associated-with-nicotine-withdrawal-in-rats
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoli Qi, Lidia Guzhva, Yue Ji, Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
Nicotine addiction is a chronic brain disorder that is characterized by dysphoria upon smoking cessation and relapse after brief periods of abstinence. It has been hypothesized that the negative mood state associated with nicotine withdrawal is partly mediated by a heightened activity of brain stress systems. Animal studies suggest that blockade of vasopressin 1b (V1b) receptors diminishes high levels of drug intake in dependent animals and attenuates the emotional response to stressors. The goal of the present studies was to investigate the effect of acute and chronic treatment with the V1b receptor antagonist SSR149415 on the negative mood state associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats...
October 1, 2015: Behavioural Brain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26116518/the-ins-and-outs-of-the-striatum-role-in-drug-addiction
#27
REVIEW
L M Yager, A F Garcia, A M Wunsch, S M Ferguson
Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by the loss of control over drug intake, high motivation to obtain the drug, and a persistent craving for the drug. Accumulating evidence implicates cellular and molecular alterations within cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuitry in the development and persistence of this disease. The striatum is a heterogeneous structure that sits at the interface of this circuit, receiving input from a variety of brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area) to guide behavioral output, including motor planning, decision-making, motivation and reward...
August 20, 2015: Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26105138/the-human-bnst-functional-role-in-anxiety-and-addiction
#28
REVIEW
S N Avery, J A Clauss, J U Blackford
The consequences of chronic stress on brain structure and function are far reaching. Whereas stress can produce short-term adaptive changes in the brain, chronic stress leads to long-term maladaptive changes that increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and addiction. These two disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the United States, and are typically chronic, disabling, and highly comorbid. Emerging evidence implicates a tiny brain region-the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)-in the body's stress response and in anxiety and addiction...
January 2016: Neuropsychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26104131/cardiovascular-disease-among-people-with-drug-use-disorders
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Birgitte Thylstrup, Thomas Clausen, Morten Hesse
OBJECTIVES: To present the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a national cohort of patients seeking treatment for drug use disorders (DUD). METHODS: This is a longitudinal record linkage study of consecutive DUD treatment admissions between 2000 and 2006 from Denmark. RESULTS: Of 17,642 patients seeking treatment for DUD, 828 individuals (4.53%) had a history of CVD at treatment entry. Among the remaining patients, 16,820 were traced and 1535 new incident cases of CVD were observed during a mean follow-up time of 7...
September 2015: International Journal of Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26106364/insights-into-the-modulation-of-dopamine-transporter-function-by-amphetamine-orphenadrine-and-cocaine-binding
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary Hongying Cheng, Ethan Block, Feizhuo Hu, Murat Can Cobanoglu, Alexander Sorkin, Ivet Bahar
Human dopamine (DA) transporter (hDAT) regulates dopaminergic signaling in the central nervous system by maintaining the synaptic concentration of DA at physiological levels, upon reuptake of DA into presynaptic terminals. DA translocation involves the co-transport of two sodium ions and the channeling of a chloride ion, and it is achieved via alternating access between outward-facing (OF) and inward-facing states of DAT. hDAT is a target for addictive drugs, such as cocaine, amphetamine (AMPH), and therapeutic antidepressants...
2015: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26093587/-gabab-receptor-as-therapeutic-target-for-drug-addiction-from-baclofen-to-positive-allosteric-modulators
#31
REVIEW
Roberta Agabio, Giancarlo Colombo
The present paper summarizes experimental and clinical data indicating the therapeutic potential of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of baclofen to suppress alcohol drinking (including binge- and relapse-like drinking), oral alcohol self-administration, and intravenous self-administration of cocaine, nicotine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, morphine, and heroin in rodents...
March 2015: Psychiatria Polska
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26076786/basics-of-the-ascetical-christian-psychotherapy
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
N Ilievski
It is obvious that contemporary man is suffering. His sufferings often seem pointless and causeless. Modern science more and more comes to reveal and acknowledge that human sufferings have a psychosomatic basis. In some of the cases, these sufferings are noogenic neuroses. They do not originate from the psychological dimension but from the noological or spiritual one of human existence. The pointlessness of life is the basic cause for the noogenic neurosis and depression from which the humankind suffers. e...
2015: Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na Naukite i Umetnostite. Oddelenie za Medicinski Nauki)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26072600/-fatigue-in-substance-abuse-disorders
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claus Aichmüller, Michael Soyka
Fatigue is a common symptom in substance abuse disorders. The most frequent and relevant addiction disorders like alcoholism and dependence of illegal drugs like THC, opioids, cocaine, ecstasy, psycho-stimulants, and GHB/GBL (gamma hydroxybutyrate/gamma butyrolactone; "Liquid Ecstasy") are described, especially the associated symptomatology and specific psychosocial features. The dependence on drugs like benzodiazepines, analgesics, amphetamines and others is also outlined. The distinction between justified and abusive consumption can often be difficult...
April 22, 2015: Revue Médicale Suisse
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26072303/a-new-dopaminergic-nigro-olfactory-projection
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Günter U Höglinger, Daniel Alvarez-Fischer, Oscar Arias-Carrión, Miriam Djufri, Andrea Windolph, Ursula Keber, Andreas Borta, Vincent Ries, Rainer K W Schwarting, Dieter Scheller, Wolfgang H Oertel
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by massive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Whereas onset of motor impairments reflects a rather advanced stage of the disorder, hyposmia often marks the beginning of the disease. Little is known about the role of the nigro-striatal system in olfaction under physiological conditions and the anatomical basis of hyposmia in PD. Yet, the early occurrence of olfactory dysfunction implies that pathogens such as environmental toxins could incite the disease via the olfactory system...
September 2015: Acta Neuropathologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26070754/epigenetic-mechanisms-of-psychostimulant-induced-addiction
#35
REVIEW
Anti Kalda, Alexander Zharkovsky
Psychostimulant-induced addiction involves potentially life-long behavioral abnormalities that are caused by repeated exposure to a drug of abuse in vulnerable individuals. The persistence of these behavioral changes suggests that long-lasting alterations in gene expression, particularly within the brain's reward regions, may contribute significantly to the addiction phenotype. An increasing number of works over the past decade have demonstrated the important role of epigenetic regulatory events in mediating the lasting effects of drugs of abuse (including psychostimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamine) in animal models of drug addiction...
2015: International Review of Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26027442/prevalence-and-construct-validity-of-compulsive-buying-disorder-in-shopping-mall-visitors
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aniko Maraz, Wim van den Brink, Zsolt Demetrovics
Compulsive buying is a relatively new psychopathological concept and very few data are currently available regarding the prevalence and validity of compulsive buying disorder. In this cross-sectional study, we establish the prevalence of compulsive buying disorder in shopping mall visitors and explore the construct validity of the concept using the revised version of the Edwards Compulsive Buying Scale in 1441 shopping mall visitors looking at shopping habits, current substance use (smoking, alcohol and illicit drug) and various psychological characteristics...
August 30, 2015: Psychiatry Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26059306/-depression-and-addiction-comorbidity-towards-a-common-molecular-target
#37
REVIEW
Margarita Arango-Lievano, Michael G Kaplitt
The comorbidity of depression and cocaine addiction suggests shared mechanisms and anatomical pathways. Specifically, the limbic structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), play a crucial role in both disorders. P11 (S100A10) is a promising target for manipulating depression and addiction in mice. We summarized the recent genetic and viral strategies used to determine how the titration of p11 levels within the NAc affects hedonic behavior and cocaine reward learning in mice. In particular, p11 in the ChAT+ cells or DRD1+ MSN of the NAc, controls depressive-like behavior or cocaine reward, respectively...
May 2015: Médecine Sciences: M/S
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26060772/achieving-a-spiritual-therapy-standard-for-drug-dependency-in-malaysia-from-an-islamic-perspective-brief-review-article
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tahereh Seghatoleslam, Hussain Habil, Ahmad Hatim, Rusdi Rashid, Abolfazl Ardakan, Farid Esmaeili Motlaq
Religion is one of the protective factors that facilities positive outcomes by preventing individuals from engaging in addictive substance. A recent study has confirmed that religion inhibits drug addiction. The concept of psychospiritual therapy was to introduce drug addiction. Therefore, of the various methods of psychotherapy, the usage of Taqwa (piety) emerged as an applicable method of Islamic spiritual therapy. This study was conducted in Malaysia as a Muslim country and focuses on Islamic recommendations and its relation to spiritual therapy...
January 2015: Iranian Journal of Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26050803/immunohistochemical-evidence-of-the-co-localisation-of-cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulatory-peptide-with-neuronal-isoform-of-nitric-oxide-synthase-vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-and-galanin-within-the-circular-muscle-layer-of-the-human-caecum
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Bulc, S Gonkowski, P Landowski, B Kamińska, J Całka
The enteric nervous system consists of about one hundred million of neurons. In big mammals (including humans) intestinal enteric neuronal cells are grouped into three types of intramural ganglia located within myenteric, as well as outer and inner submucosal plexuses, which are connected by numerous nerve fibres. Both nerve fibres and cell bodies located in the gastrointestinal tract utilise a broad spectrum of active substances. One of them is cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART). The goal of the current study was to determinate the distribution and degree of co-localisation of CART with substances taking part in intestinal motor activity by double labelling immunofluorescence technique...
2015: Folia Morphologica (Warsz)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26051209/effects-of-prenatal-immune-activation-on-amphetamine-induced-addictive-behaviors-contributions-from-animal-models
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aline R Borçoi, Camilla L Patti, Karina A Zanin, André W Hollais, Renan Santos-Baldaia, Liliane M B Ceccon, Laís F Berro, Raphael Wuo-Silva, Stephanie B Grapiglia, Luciana T C Ribeiro, Leonardo B Lopes-Silva, Roberto Frussa-Filho
BACKGROUND: Prenatal environmental adversities may affect brain development and are associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, an illness with 50% comorbidity with addiction. Maternal immune activation by poly-inosinic-citidilic acid (Poly(I:C)) exposure can promote behavioral alterations consistent with schizophrenia symptoms in rodents. OBJECTIVES: Considering the vulnerability to addiction in patients with schizophrenia, we evaluated the interactions between prenatal Poly(I:C) administration and addiction in two animal models (behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference - CPP) in mice repeatedly treated with amphetamine (AMP)...
December 3, 2015: Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
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