collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35380628/introducing-the-escalation-antibiogram-a-simple-tool-to-inform-changes-in-empiric-antimicrobials-in-the-nonresponding-patient
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Teitelbaum, Marion Elligsen, Kevin Katz, Philip W Lam, Jennifer Lo, Derek MacFadden, Christie Vermeiren, Nick Daneman
BACKGROUND: Hospital antibiograms guide initial empiric antibiotic treatment selections, but do not directly inform escalation of treatment among nonresponding patients. METHODS: Using gram-negative bacteremia as an exemplar condition, we sought to introduce the concept of an escalation antibiogram. Among episodes of gram-negative bacteremia between 2017 and 2020 from 6 hospitals in the Greater Toronto Area, we generated escalation antibiograms for each of 12 commonly used agents...
November 14, 2022: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29968985/guideline-for-antibiotic-use-in-adults-with-community-acquired-pneumonia
#2
REVIEW
Mi Suk Lee, Jee Youn Oh, Cheol In Kang, Eu Suk Kim, Sunghoon Park, Chin Kook Rhee, Ji Ye Jung, Kyung Wook Jo, Eun Young Heo, Dong Ah Park, Gee Young Suh, Sungmin Kiem
Community-acquired pneumonia is common and important infectious disease in adults. This work represents an update to 2009 treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia in Korea. The present clinical practice guideline provides revised recommendations on the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in adults aged 19 years or older, taking into account the current situation regarding community-acquired pneumonia in Korea. This guideline may help reduce the difference in the level of treatment between medical institutions and medical staff, and enable efficient treatment...
June 2018: Infection & Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29637759/clinical-practice-guidelines-for-the-antibiotic-treatment-of-community-acquired-urinary-tract-infections
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cheol In Kang, Jieun Kim, Dae Won Park, Baek Nam Kim, U Syn Ha, Seung Ju Lee, Jeong Kyun Yeo, Seung Ki Min, Heeyoung Lee, Seong Heon Wie
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infectious diseases that commonly occur in communities. Although several international guidelines for the management of UTIs have been available, clinical characteristics, etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns may differ from country to country. This work represents an update of the 2011 Korean guideline for UTIs. The current guideline was developed by the update and adaptation method. This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis and management of UTIs, including asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute uncomplicated cystitis, acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, complicated pyelonephritis related to urinary tract obstruction, and acute bacterial prostatitis...
March 2018: Infection & Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29789983/principles-of-fluid-management-and-stewardship-in-septic-shock-it-is-time-to-consider-the-four-d-s-and-the-four-phases-of-fluid-therapy
#4
REVIEW
Manu L N G Malbrain, Niels Van Regenmortel, Bernd Saugel, Brecht De Tavernier, Pieter-Jan Van Gaal, Olivier Joannes-Boyau, Jean-Louis Teboul, Todd W Rice, Monty Mythen, Xavier Monnet
In patients with septic shock, the administration of fluids during initial hemodynamic resuscitation remains a major therapeutic challenge. We are faced with many open questions regarding the type, dose and timing of intravenous fluid administration. There are only four major indications for intravenous fluid administration: aside from resuscitation, intravenous fluids have many other uses including maintenance and replacement of total body water and electrolytes, as carriers for medications and for parenteral nutrition...
May 22, 2018: Annals of Intensive Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29127502/piperacillin-tazobactam-as-alternative-to-carbapenems-for-icu-patients
#5
REVIEW
Benoit Pilmis, Vincent Jullien, Alexis Tabah, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Christian Brun-Buisson
Several studies suggest that alternatives to carbapenems, and particulary beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, can be used for therapy of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE)-related infections in non-ICU patients. Little is known concerning ICU patients in whom achieving the desired plasmatic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target may be difficult. Also, in vitro susceptibility to beta-lactamase inhibitors might not translate into clinical efficacy. We reviewed the recent clinical studies examining the use of BL/BLI as alternatives to carbapenems for therapy of bloodstream infection, PK/PD data and discuss potential ecological benefit from avoiding the use of carbapenems...
November 10, 2017: Annals of Intensive Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29289687/a-comparison-of-the-quick-sofa-and-systemic-inflammatory-response-syndrome-criteria-for-the-diagnosis-of-sepsis-and-prediction-of-mortality-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rodrigo Serafim, José Andrade Gomes, Jorge Salluh, Pedro Póvoa
BACKGROUND: Several studies were published to validate the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), namely in comparison with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of comparing the qSOFA and SIRS in patients outside the ICU. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Web of Science database from February 23, 2016 until June 30, 2017 to identify full-text English-language studies published after the Sepsis-3 publication comparing the qSOFA and SIRS and their sensitivity or specificity in diagnosing sepsis, as well as hospital and ICU length of stay and hospital mortality...
March 2018: Chest
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28860348/assessment-of-sepsis-3-criteria-and-quick-sofa-in-patients-with-cirrhosis-and-bacterial-infections
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Salvatore Piano, Michele Bartoletti, Marta Tonon, Maurizio Baldassarre, Giada Chies, Antonietta Romano, Pierluigi Viale, Elia Vettore, Marco Domenicali, Marialuisa Stanco, Chiara Pilutti, Anna Chiara Frigo, Alessandra Brocca, Mauro Bernardi, Paolo Caraceni, Paolo Angeli
INTRODUCTION: Patients with cirrhosis have a high risk of sepsis, which confers a poor prognosis. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria have several limitations in cirrhosis. Recently, new criteria for sepsis (Sepsis-3) have been suggested in the general population (increase of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) ≥2 points from baseline). Outside the intensive care unit (ICU), the quick SOFA (qSOFA (at least two among alteration in mental status, systolic blood pressure ≤100 mm Hg or respiratory rate ≥22/min)) was suggested to screen for sepsis...
October 2018: Gut
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28701438/community-associated-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-infection-literature-review-and-clinical-update
#8
REVIEW
Kassandra Loewen, Yoko Schreiber, Mike Kirlew, Natalie Bocking, Len Kelly
OBJECTIVE: To provide information on the prevalence and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and the distinction between community-associated MRSA and health care-associated MRSA. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 2005 to 2016. Epidemiologic studies were summarized and the relevant treatment literature was based on level I evidence. MAIN MESSAGE: The incidence of community-associated MRSA infection is rising...
July 2017: Canadian Family Physician Médecin de Famille Canadien
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28856437/diagnosis-and-empirical-treatment-of-fever-of-unknown-origin-fuo-in-adult-neutropenic-patients-guidelines-of-the-infectious-diseases-working-party-agiho-of-the-german-society-of-hematology-and-medical-oncology-dgho
#9
REVIEW
W J Heinz, D Buchheidt, M Christopeit, M von Lilienfeld-Toal, O A Cornely, H Einsele, M Karthaus, H Link, R Mahlberg, S Neumann, H Ostermann, O Penack, M Ruhnke, M Sandherr, X Schiel, J J Vehreschild, F Weissinger, G Maschmeyer
Fever may be the only clinical symptom at the onset of infection in neutropenic cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy. A prompt and evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approach is mandatory. A systematic search of current literature was conducted, including only full papers and excluding allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Recommendations for diagnosis and therapy were developed by an expert panel and approved after plenary discussion by the AGIHO. Randomized clinical trials were mainly available for therapeutic decisions, and new diagnostic procedures have been introduced into clinical practice in the past decade...
November 2017: Annals of Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28318217/screening-for-latent-tuberculosis-infection-in-adults-recommendation-statement
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 15, 2017: American Family Physician
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27076965/corticosteroids-in-the-adjunctive-therapy-of-community-acquired-pneumonia-an-appraisal-of-recent-meta-analyses-of-clinical-trials
#11
REVIEW
Charles Feldman, Ronald Anderson
Improving the outcome of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an ongoing challenge, even in the setting of significant advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and critical care. Recognition of the underlying involvement of inflammation-mediated organ dysfunction as a determinant of adverse outcomes in CAP has aroused intense interest in the protective potential of adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapies in CAP, particularly the role of corticosteroids (CS). This is the primary topic of the current review which is focused on an evaluation of the latest meta-analyses encompassing both recent and earlier clinical trials, with particular emphasis on the stringent meta-analysis undertaken by Siemieniuk and colleagues (Ann Intern Med 2015;163:519-528)...
March 2016: Journal of Thoracic Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26620376/spectrum-and-treatment-of-anaerobic-infections
#12
REVIEW
Itzhak Brook
Anaerobes are the most predominant components of the normal human skin and mucous membranes bacterial flora, and are a frequent cause of endogenous bacterial infections. Anaerobic infections can occur in all body locations: the central nervous system, oral cavity, head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, skin, and soft tissues. Treatment of anaerobic infection is complicated by their slow growth in culture, by their polymicrobial nature and by their growing resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy is frequently the only form of therapy needed, whereas in others it is an important adjunct to drainage and surgery...
January 2016: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy: Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26761185/zika-virus-in-the-americas-yet-another-arbovirus-threat
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anthony S Fauci, David M Morens
The explosive pandemic of Zika virus infection occurring throughout South America, Central America, and the Caribbean (see map) and potentially threatening the United States is the most recent of four unexpected arrivals of important arthropod-borne viral diseases in the Western Hemisphere over the..
February 18, 2016: New England Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26341945/infective-endocarditis
#14
REVIEW
Thomas J Cahill, Bernard D Prendergast
Infective endocarditis occurs worldwide, and is defined by infection of a native or prosthetic heart valve, the endocardial surface, or an indwelling cardiac device. The causes and epidemiology of the disease have evolved in recent decades with a doubling of the average patient age and an increased prevalence in patients with indwelling cardiac devices. The microbiology of the disease has also changed, and staphylococci, most often associated with health-care contact and invasive procedures, have overtaken streptococci as the most common cause of the disease...
February 27, 2016: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26436631/in-the-clinic-community-acquired-pneumonia
#15
REVIEW
Michael S Niederman
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 6, 2015: Annals of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26216176/cdc-updates-guidelines-for-treating-sexually-transmitted-diseases
#16
EDITORIAL
Roberto Romero, Ingrid Nygaard
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 2015: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26377143/tuberculosis
#17
REVIEW
Keertan Dheda, Clifton E Barry, Gary Maartens
Although the worldwide incidence of tuberculosis has been slowly decreasing, the global disease burden remains substantial (∼9 million cases and ∼1·5 million deaths in 2013), and tuberculosis incidence and drug resistance are rising in some parts of the world such as Africa. The modest gains achieved thus far are threatened by high prevalence of HIV, persisting global poverty, and emergence of highly drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is also a major problem in health-care workers in both low-burden and high-burden settings...
March 19, 2016: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26277247/community-acquired-pneumonia
#18
REVIEW
Elena Prina, Otavio T Ranzani, Antoni Torres
Community-acquired pneumonia causes great mortality and morbidity and high costs worldwide. Empirical selection of antibiotic treatment is the cornerstone of management of patients with pneumonia. To reduce the misuse of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and side-effects, an empirical, effective, and individualised antibiotic treatment is needed. Follow-up after the start of antibiotic treatment is also important, and management should include early shifts to oral antibiotics, stewardship according to the microbiological results, and short-duration antibiotic treatment that accounts for the clinical stability criteria...
September 12, 2015: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25913272/efficacy-and-safety-of-rts-s-as01-malaria-vaccine-with-or-without-a-booster-dose-in-infants-and-children-in-africa-final-results-of-a-phase-3-individually-randomised-controlled-trial
#19
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine during 18 months of follow-up have been published previously. Herein, we report the final results from the same trial, including the efficacy of a booster dose. METHODS: From March 27, 2009, until Jan 31, 2011, children (age 5-17 months) and young infants (age 6-12 weeks) were enrolled at 11 centres in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) at first vaccination by block randomisation with minimisation by centre to receive three doses of RTS,S/AS01 at months 0, 1, and 2 and a booster dose at month 20 (R3R group); three doses of RTS,S/AS01 and a dose of comparator vaccine at month 20 (R3C group); or a comparator vaccine at months 0, 1, 2, and 20 (C3C [control group])...
July 4, 2015: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26198113/tuberculosis-a-disease-without-boundaries
#20
REVIEW
Nicole Fogel
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that usually affects the lungs leading to severe coughing, fever, and chest pains. Although current research in the past four years has provided valuable insight into TB transmission, diagnosis, and treatment, much remains to be discovered to effectively decrease the incidence of and eventually eradicate TB. The disease still puts a strain on public health, being only second to HIV/AIDS in causing high mortality rates. This review will highlight the history of TB as well as provide an overview of the current literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and the immune response, treatment, and control of TB...
September 2015: Tuberculosis
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