Paediatric anaesthesia

Four basic types of visual aids are used for teaching airway management and decision-making in simulated as well as in real clinical situations: universal algorithms, sets of limited algorithms, concept-based cognitive aids, and checklists. The first three may represent an evolution in the understanding of the role of human error in both successful and failed airway management. Complex visual aids such as the American Society of Anesthesiology difficult airway algorithm may be more useful for teaching, while graphic cognitive aids like the Vortex may be more helpful for decision-making under stress...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The primary aim of this review was to assess the effect of pharmacological agents administered to attenuate the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation in paediatric patients up to 16 years of age undergoing elective surgery. Secondary aims were to identify adverse effects related to these agents, and the agents' roles in decreasing arrhythmias. A systematic search was conducted for articles listed in PubMed, CINAHL or the Cochrane database between January 1980 and June 2014. We included randomised controlled trials where the stated aim of the study included observing the effects of pharmacological agents on the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation...

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon after pediatric tonsillectomy. This prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intravenous parecoxib sodium in children undergoing tonsillectomy. METHODS: Sixty children (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, aged three to seven years, and scheduled to undergo elective tonsillectomy under general anesthesia) were randomly allocated into one of two groups to receive intravenous parecoxib sodium 1 mg·kg(-1) (Group P, n = 30) or the same volume of saline (Group S, n = 30) just after induction of general anesthesia...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Although ketamine is one of the most commonly used sedatives to facilitate painful procedures for children in the emergency department (ED), existing studies have not been large enough to identify clinical factors that are predictive of uncommon airway and respiratory adverse events. METHODS: We pooled individual-patient data from 32 ED studies and performed multiple logistic regressions to determine which clinical variables would predict airway and respiratory adverse events...

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During the past 10 years, efforts in pharmacogenomics have generated insights into the efficacy and safety of drugs, enhancing our understanding of the safety profile of even some of the oldest drugs, such as codeine sulfate, an opioid analgesic first approved in 1950 for relief of mild or moderate..

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric bronchoscopy is an intensely stimulating procedure that requires a deep level of anesthesia to prevent hemodynamic overstimulation and straining. Topical anesthesia of the airway may be a beneficial component of the anesthetic technique to achieve adequate depth without residual sedation. Experimental evidence suggests that in addition to its central effects, locally applied opioids elicit potent analgesic effects. METHODS: Forty-five patients aged 1-6 years scheduled for rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal were selected and subjected preoperatively to a nebulizer setting according to its components patients were divided into three groups...

BACKGROUND: Anesthetic drugs administered to immature animals may cause neurohistopathologic changes and alterations in behavior. The authors studied association between anesthetic exposure before age 4 yr and the development of reading, written language, and math learning disabilities (LD). METHODS: This was a population-based, retrospective birth cohort study. The educational and medical records of all children born to mothers residing in five townships of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1976 to 1982 and who remained in the community at 5 yr of age were reviewed to identify children with LD...