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REVIEW
Jacob A Udell, W Schuyler Jones, Mark C Petrie, Josephine Harrington, Stefan D Anker, Deepak L Bhatt, Adrian F Hernandez, Javed Butler
Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and chronic heart failure. SGLT2 inhibitors also reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a remote history of myocardial infarction (MI). As a result of the growing body of evidence in diverse disease states, and the hypothesized mechanisms of action, it is reasonable to consider the potential of SGLT2 inhibition to improve outcomes in patients with acute MI as well if initiated early after presentation...
May 24, 2022: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
#22
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Holger Thiele, Uwe Zeymer, Franz-Josef Neumann, Miroslaw Ferenc, Hans-Georg Olbrich, Jörg Hausleiter, Antoinette de Waha, Gert Richardt, Marcus Hennersdorf, Klaus Empen, Georg Fuernau, Steffen Desch, Ingo Eitel, Rainer Hambrecht, Bernward Lauer, Michael Böhm, Henning Ebelt, Steffen Schneider, Karl Werdan, Gerhard Schuler
BACKGROUND: In current international guidelines the recommendation for intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use has been downgraded in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction on the basis of registry data. In the largest randomised trial (IABP-SHOCK II), IABP support did not reduce 30 day mortality compared with control. However, previous trials in cardiogenic shock showed a mortality benefit only at extended follow-up. The present analysis therefore reports 6 and 12 month results...
November 16, 2013: Lancet
#23
REVIEW
Patrick M Wieruszewski, Ashish K Khanna
This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2022. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2022 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8901 .
March 22, 2022: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miao Wang, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, Yongchen Hao, Na Yang, Tong Liu, Sidney C Smith, Yong Huo, Gregg C Fonarow, Junbo Ge, Louise Morgan, Changsheng Ma, Yaling Han, Dong Zhao, Siyan Zhan
BACKGROUND: There are limited data available on the impact of early (within 24 h of admission) β-blocker therapy on in-hospital outcomes of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and mild-moderate acute heart failure. This study aimed to explore the association between early oral β-blocker therapy and in-hospital outcomes. METHODS: Inpatients with STEMI and Killip class II or III heart failure from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China project ( n = 10,239) were enrolled...
2022: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
#25
EDITORIAL
Harvey Max Chochinov
How decisions are made and patients cared for are often guided by the Golden Rule, which would have us treat patients as we would want to be treated in similar circumstances. But when patients' lived experiences and outlooks deviate substantively from our own, we stop being a reliable barometer of their needs, values, and goals. Inaccurate perceptions of their suffering and our personal biases may lead to distorted compassion, marked by an attitude of pity and therapeutic nihilism. In those instances, The Platinum Rule, which would have us consider doing unto patients as they would want done unto themselves, may be a more appropriate standard for achieving optimal person-centered care...
June 2022: Journal of Palliative Medicine
#26
EDITORIAL
Michael Joannidis, Christian J Wiedermann, Marlies Ostermann
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 5, 2022: Intensive Care Medicine
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Myra H Wyckoff, Eunice M Singletary, Jasmeet Soar, Theresa M Olasveengen, Robert Greif, Helen G Liley, David Zideman, Farhan Bhanji, Lars W Andersen, Suzanne R Avis, Khalid Aziz, Jason C Bendall, David C Berry, Vere Borra, Bernd W Böttiger, Richard Bradley, Janet E Bray, Jan Breckwoldt, Jestin N Carlson, Pascal Cassan, Maaret Castrén, Wei-Tien Chang, Nathan P Charlton, Adam Cheng, Sung Phil Chung, Julie Considine, Daniela T Costa-Nobre, Keith Couper, Katie N Dainty, Peter G Davis, Maria Fernanda de Almeida, Allan R de Caen, Edison F de Paiva, Charles D Deakin, Therese Djärv, Matthew J Douma, Ian R Drennan, Jonathan P Duff, Kathryn J Eastwood, Walid El-Naggar, Jonathan L Epstein, Raffo Escalante, Jorge G Fabres, Joe Fawke, Judith C Finn, Elizabeth E Foglia, Fredrik Folke, Karoline Freeman, Elaine Gilfoyle, Craig A Goolsby, Amy Grove, Ruth Guinsburg, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Mary Fran Hazinski, George S Heriot, Karen G Hirsch, Mathias J Holmberg, Shigeharu Hosono, Ming-Ju Hsieh, Kevin K C Hung, Cindy H Hsu, Takanari Ikeyama, Tetsuya Isayama, Vishal S Kapadia, Mandira Daripa Kawakami, Han-Suk Kim, David A Kloeck, Peter J Kudenchuk, Anthony T Lagina, Kasper G Lauridsen, Eric J Lavonas, Andrew S Lockey, Carolina Malta Hansen, David Markenson, Tasuku Matsuyama, Christopher J D McKinlay, Amin Mehrabian, Raina M Merchant, Daniel Meyran, Peter T Morley, Laurie J Morrison, Kevin J Nation, Michael Nemeth, Robert W Neumar, Tonia Nicholson, Susan Niermeyer, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Chika Nishiyama, Brian J O'Neil, Aaron M Orkin, Osokogu Osemeke, Michael J Parr, Catherine Patocka, Jeffrey L Pellegrino, Gavin D Perkins, Jeffrey M Perlman, Yacov Rabi, Joshua C Reynolds, Giuseppe Ristagno, Charles C Roehr, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Claudio Sandroni, Taylor Sawyer, Georg M Schmölzer, Sebastian Schnaubelt, Federico Semeraro, Markus B Skrifvars, Christopher M Smith, Michael A Smyth, Roger F Soll, Takahiro Sugiura, Sian Taylor-Phillips, Daniele Trevisanuto, Christian Vaillancourt, Tzong-Luen Wang, Gary M Weiner, Michelle Welsford, Jane Wigginton, Jonathan P Wyllie, Joyce Yeung, Jerry P Nolan, Katherine M Berg
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts...
December 2021: Resuscitation
#28
REVIEW
Jane G Boggs
PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW: This review presents current therapy for seizures in the intensive care unit. The reader is provided with recent evidence regarding the use of EEG in determining treatment for acute seizures. Proposed treatment approaches for seizures and status epilepticus are provided. Controversies and complexity of selecting treatments are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: Critical Care EEG Monitoring Research Consortium analyzed the association of periodic and rhythmic electroencephalographic patterns with seizures and found that lateralized and generalized periodic discharges and lateralized rhythmic delta were associated with increased seizure risk...
2021: Current Treatment Options in Neurology
#29
REVIEW
Catia Cillóniz, Antoni Torres, Michael S Niederman
Severe pneumonia is associated with high mortality (short and long term), as well as pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications. Appropriate diagnosis and early initiation of adequate antimicrobial treatment for severe pneumonia are crucial in improving survival among critically ill patients. Identifying the underlying causative pathogen is also critical for antimicrobial stewardship. However, establishing an etiological diagnosis is challenging in most patients, especially in those with chronic underlying disease; those who received previous antibiotic treatment; and those treated with mechanical ventilation...
December 6, 2021: BMJ: British Medical Journal
#30
REVIEW
Pierre-Grégoire Guinot, Audrey Martin, Vivien Berthoud, Pierre Voizeux, Loic Bartamian, Erminio Santangelo, Belaid Bouhemad, Maxime Nguyen
Despite the abundant literature on vasopressor therapy, few studies have focused on vasopressor-sparing strategies in patients with shock. We performed a scoping-review of the published studies evaluating vasopressor-sparing strategies by analyzing the results from randomized controlled trials conducted in patients with shock, with a focus on vasopressor doses and/or duration reduction. We analyzed 143 studies, mainly performed in septic shock. Our analysis demonstrated that several pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are associated with a decrease in the duration of vasopressor therapy...
July 18, 2021: Journal of Clinical Medicine
#31
REVIEW
Michael S Niederman, Rebecca M Baron, Lila Bouadma, Thierry Calandra, Nick Daneman, Jan DeWaele, Marin H Kollef, Jeffrey Lipman, Girish B Nair
Sepsis is a common consequence of infection, associated with a mortality rate > 25%. Although community-acquired sepsis is more common, hospital-acquired infection is more lethal. The most common site of infection is the lung, followed by abdominal infection, catheter-associated blood steam infection and urinary tract infection. Gram-negative sepsis is more common than gram-positive infection, but sepsis can also be due to fungal and viral pathogens. To reduce mortality, it is necessary to give immediate, empiric, broad-spectrum therapy to those with severe sepsis and/or shock, but this approach can drive antimicrobial overuse and resistance and should be accompanied by a commitment to de-escalation and antimicrobial stewardship...
August 26, 2021: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
#32
REVIEW
John A Kellum, Paola Romagnani, Gloria Ashuntantang, Claudio Ronco, Alexander Zarbock, Hans-Joachim Anders
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a sudden loss of excretory kidney function. AKI is part of a range of conditions summarized as acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD), in which slow deterioration of kidney function or persistent kidney dysfunction is associated with an irreversible loss of kidney cells and nephrons, which can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). New biomarkers to identify injury before function loss await clinical implementation. AKI and AKD are a global concern. In low-income and middle-income countries, infections and hypovolaemic shock are the predominant causes of AKI...
July 15, 2021: Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shannon M Fernando, Alexandre Tran, Wei Cheng, Behnam Sadeghirad, Yaseen M Arabi, Deborah J Cook, Morten Hylander Møller, Sangeeta Mehta, Robert A Fowler, Karen E A Burns, Philip S Wells, Marc Carrier, Mark A Crowther, Damon C Scales, Shane W English, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng, Salmaan Kanji, Michelle E Kho, Bram Rochwerg
BACKGROUND: Critically ill adults are at increased risk of VTE, including DVT, and pulmonary embolism. Various agents exist for venous thromboprophylaxis in this population. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the comparative efficacy and safety of prophylaxis agents for prevention of VTE in critically ill adults? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating efficacy of thromboprophylaxis agents among critically ill patients...
February 2022: Chest
#34
REVIEW
Peter Pickkers, Michael Darmon, Eric Hoste, Michael Joannidis, Matthieu Legrand, Marlies Ostermann, John R Prowle, Antoine Schneider, Miet Schetz
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is now recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome that not only affects acute morbidity and mortality, but also a patient's long-term prognosis. In this narrative review, an update on various aspects of AKI in critically ill patients will be provided. Focus will be on prediction and early detection of AKI (e.g., the role of biomarkers to identify high-risk patients and the use of machine learning to predict AKI), aspects of pathophysiology and progress in the recognition of different phenotypes of AKI, as well as an update on nephrotoxicity and organ cross-talk...
July 2, 2021: Intensive Care Medicine
#35
REVIEW
Christopher F Rose, Piero Amodio, Jasmohan S Bajaj, Radha Krishan Dhiman, Sara Montagnese, Simon D Taylor-Robinson, Hendrik Vilstrup, Rajiv Jalan
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent and serious complication of both chronic liver disease and acute liver failure. HE manifests as a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities, from subclinical changes (mild cognitive impairment) to marked disorientation, confusion and coma. The clinical and economic burden of HE is considerable, and it contributes greatly to impaired quality of life, morbidity and mortality. This review will critically discuss the latest classification of HE, as well as the pathogenesis and pathophysiological pathways underlying the neurological decline in patients with end-stage liver disease...
October 20, 2020: Journal of Hepatology
#36
REVIEW
Julie Krainer, Sandra Siebenhandl, Andreas Weinhäusel
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are a growing group of disorders caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system leading to episodes of systemic inflammation. In 1997, MEFV was the first gene identified as disease causing for Familial Mediterranean Fever, the most common hereditary SAID. In most cases, autoinflammatory diseases have a strong genetic background with mutations in single genes. Since 1997 more than 30 new genes associated with autoinflammatory diseases have been identified, affecting different parts of the innate immune system...
May 2020: Journal of Autoimmunity
#37
REVIEW
Siddharth Dugar, Chirag Choudhary, Abhijit Duggal
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction that results from the body's response to infection. It requires prompt recognition, appropriate antibiotics, careful hemodynamic support, and control of the source of infection. With the trend in management moving away from protocolized care in favor of appropriate usual care, an understanding of sepsis physiology and best practice guidelines is critical.
January 2020: Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
#38
REVIEW
James A Russell
BACKGROUND: Vasopressors are administered to critically ill patients with vasodilatory shock not responsive to volume resuscitation, and less often in cardiogenic shock, and hypovolemic shock. OBJECTIVES: The objectives are to review safety and efficacy of vasopressors, pathophysiology, agents that decrease vasopressor dose, predictive biomarkers, β1-blockers, and directions for research. METHODS: The quality of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)...
November 2019: Intensive Care Medicine
#39
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, Cristiane Zambolim, Alessandro Belletti, Juliano Pinheiro de Almeida, Anthony C Gordon, Gisele Oliveira, Clarice Hyesuk Lee Park, Julia Tizue Fukushima, Stephanie Itala Rizk, Tais Felix Szeles, Nestor Cordeiro Dos Santos Neto, Roberto Kalil Filho, Filomena Regina Barbosa Gomes Galas, Giovanni Landoni
OBJECTIVES: Previous trials suggest that vasopressin may improve outcomes in patients with vasodilatory shock. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether vasopressin could be superior to norepinephrine to improve outcomes in cancer patients with septic shock. DESIGN: Single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, and meta-analysis of randomized trials. SETTING: ICU of a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS: Two-hundred fifty patients 18 years old or older with cancer and septic shock...
December 2019: Critical Care Medicine
#40
REVIEW
Daniel De Backer, Pierre Foulon
Catecholamines are used to increase cardiac output and blood pressure, aiming ultimately at restoring/improving tissue perfusion. While intuitive in its concept, this approach nevertheless implies to be effective that regional organ perfusion would increase in parallel to cardiac output or perfusion pressure and that the catecholamine does not have negative effects on the microcirculation. Inotropic agents may be considered in some conditions, but it requires prior optimization of cardiac preload. Alternative approaches would be either to minimize exposure to vasopressors, tolerating hypotension and trying to prioritize perfusion but this may be valid as long as perfusion of the organ is preserved, or to combine moderate doses of vasopressors to vasodilatory agents, especially if these are predominantly acting on the microcirculation...
June 14, 2019: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
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