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REVIEW
Oliver D Howes, Rob McCutcheon, Ofer Agid, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Nico J M van Beveren, Michael L Birnbaum, Michael A P Bloomfield, Rodrigo A Bressan, Robert W Buchanan, William T Carpenter, David J Castle, Leslie Citrome, Zafiris J Daskalakis, Michael Davidson, Richard J Drake, Serdar Dursun, Bjørn H Ebdrup, Helio Elkis, Peter Falkai, W Wolfgang Fleischacker, Ary Gadelha, Fiona Gaughran, Birte Y Glenthøj, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Jaime E C Hallak, William G Honer, James Kennedy, Bruce J Kinon, Stephen M Lawrie, Jimmy Lee, F Markus Leweke, James H MacCabe, Carolyn B McNabb, Herbert Meltzer, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Shinchiro Nakajima, Christos Pantelis, Tiago Reis Marques, Gary Remington, Susan L Rossell, Bruce R Russell, Cynthia O Siu, Takefumi Suzuki, Iris E Sommer, David Taylor, Neil Thomas, Alp Üçok, Daniel Umbricht, James T R Walters, John Kane, Christoph U Correll
OBJECTIVE: Research and clinical translation in schizophrenia is limited by inconsistent definitions of treatment resistance and response. To address this issue, the authors evaluated current approaches and then developed consensus criteria and guidelines. METHOD: A systematic review of randomized antipsychotic clinical trials in treatment-resistant schizophrenia was performed, and definitions of treatment resistance were extracted. Subsequently, consensus operationalized criteria were developed through 1) a multiphase, mixed methods approach, 2) identification of key criteria via an online survey, and 3) meetings to achieve consensus...
March 1, 2017: American Journal of Psychiatry
#22
REVIEW
Dan Siskind, Lara McCartney, Romi Goldschlager, Steve Kisely
BACKGROUND: Although clozapine is the 'gold standard' for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, meta-analyses of clozapine for this condition are lacking. AIMS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clozapine treatment for people with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. METHOD: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's trial register, PubMed and EMBASE and hand-searched key papers for randomised controlled trials of clozapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia...
November 2016: British Journal of Psychiatry
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leonardo V Lopez, John M Kane
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 2015: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
#24
REVIEW
Paolo Fusar-Poli, Matthew J Kempton, Robert A Rosenheck
The aim of the present article is to test at a meta-analytical level the efficacy and safety of second-generation long-acting antipsychotic injections (SGLAI) in schizophrenia. Thirteen randomized-controlled trials comparing SGLAI with either placebo or oral antipsychotics were included in a quantitative meta-analysis (6313 patients). Efficacy and safety measures as well as demographic and clinical variables were extracted from each publication or obtained directly from authors. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's intercept...
March 2013: International Clinical Psychopharmacology
#25
EDITORIAL
Barbara A Cornblatt, Ricardo E Carrión
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 2016: JAMA Psychiatry
#26
REVIEW
C M Bradizza, P R Stasiewicz
This paper offers guidelines for the assessment and treatment of substance abuse problems in seriously mentally ill persons who are admitted into inpatient psychiatric treatment. This approach has been used successfully by the authors and may be most useful in settings where a specialized dual-diagnosis treatment program is not feasible. The first step consists of identifying potential substance abusers using several sources of information including the patient's record, a brief patient interview, and an interview with the patient's family and caseworker...
March 1997: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
#27
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Elizabeth B Stuyt, Terrie A Sajbel, Michael H Allen
This retrospective study of patients treated in a ninety-day, inpatient, dual-diagnosis treatment program examined antipsychotic effectiveness in this population using length of stay in treatment and successful program completion as outcome measures. All patients with co-occurring substance dependence and schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated with olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, and typical depot neuroleptics from January 2001 to December 2003 (N = 55) are the subjects of this study. Patients stayed longer in treatment when taking risperidone (82 +/- 19 days) or ziprasidone (74 +/- 21 days) compared with olanzapine (44 +/- 30 days) or typicals (47 +/- 36 days)...
March 2006: American Journal on Addictions
#28
REVIEW
David B Merrill, G William Dec, Donald C Goff
OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature on serious adverse cardiac events associated with the atypical antipsychotic agent, clozapine, and to make recommendations for cardiac assessment of candidates for clozapine treatment and for monitoring of cardiac status after treatment is initiated. DATA SOURCES: We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for articles published from 1970 to 2004 that contain the keywords "clozapine and myocarditis," "clozapine and cardiomyopathy," "clozapine and cardiotoxicity," "clozapine and sudden death" or "clozapine and mortality...
February 2005: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
#29
REVIEW
Jimmi Nielsen, Christoph U Correll, Peter Manu, John M Kane
OBJECTIVE: To identify the outcome of potentially serious adverse effects of clozapine, particularly those frequently cited as reasons for clozapine discontinuation, and to characterize management strategies for adverse effects that do not warrant discontinuation. DATA SOURCES: A structured search was performed of PubMed and EMBASE from database inception until September 10, 2012, without any language restrictions, using clozapine as the search term. Reference lists of retrieved articles were cross-checked for additional relevant studies...
June 2013: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon Zhornitsky, Andràs Tikàsz, Élie Rizkallah, Jean-Pierre Chiasson, Stéphane Potvin
Background. Substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) is a diagnosis constructed to distinguish substance-induced psychotic states from primary psychotic disorders. A number of studies have compared SIPD persons with primary psychotic patients, but there is little data on what differentiates substance use disorder (SUD) individuals with and without SIPD. Here, we compared psychopathology, sociodemographic variables, and substance use characteristics between SUD patients with and without SIPD. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted on newly admitted patients at a rehabilitation centre between 2007 and 2012...
2015: Journal of Addiction
#31
COMPARATIVE STUDY
T Scott Stroup, Tobias Gerhard, Stephen Crystal, Cecilia Huang, Mark Olfson
OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the effectiveness of initiating treatment with either clozapine or a standard antipsychotic among adults with evidence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia in routine clinical practice. METHOD: U.S. national Medicaid data from 2001 to 2009 were used to examine treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia and evidence of treatment resistance that initiated clozapine (N=3,123) and in a propensity score-matched cohort that initiated a standard antipsychotic (N=3,123)...
February 1, 2016: American Journal of Psychiatry
#32
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Antony Loebel, Leslie Citrome, Christoph U Correll, Jane Xu, Josephine Cucchiaro, John M Kane
BACKGROUND: Early non-response to antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia has been shown in multiple studies to predict poor response at short-term trial endpoint. Therefore, strategies to address the challenge of non-improvement early in the course of treatment are needed. A novel trial design was developed to assess the potential utility of antipsychotic dose escalation in patients with an inadequate initial treatment response. This design was embedded in a study intended to assess the efficacy of low dose lurasidone in patients with schizophrenia...
October 31, 2015: BMC Psychiatry
#33
EDITORIAL
Thomas R Insel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 1, 2016: American Journal of Psychiatry
#34
REVIEW
M C Mauri, S Paletta, M Maffini, A Colasanti, F Dragogna, C Di Pace, A C Altamura
This review will concentrate on the clinical pharmacology, in particular pharmacodynamic data, related to atypical antipsychotics, clozapine, risperidone, paliperidone, olanzapine, que¬tiapine, amisulpride, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, asenapine, iloperidone, lurasidone and cariprazine. A summary of their acute pharmacokinetics properties are also reported. Four new second-generation antipsychotics are available: iloperidone, asenapine, lurasidone and in the next future cariprazine. Similar to ziprasidone and aripiprazole, these new agents are advisable for the lower propensity to give weight gain and metabolic abnormalities in comparison with older second-generation antipsychotics such as olanzapine or clozapine...
2014: EXCLI Journal
#35
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Alan I Green, Mary F Brunette, Ree Dawson, Peter Buckley, Amy E Wallace, Hisham Hafez, Marvin Herz, Meera Narasimhan, Douglas L Noordsy, Christopher O'Keefe, Roger W Sommi, Richard M Steinbook, Marjorie Weeks
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol use disorders worsen the course of schizophrenia. Although the atypical antipsychotic clozapine appears to decrease alcohol use in schizophrenia, risperidone does not. We have proposed that risperidone's relatively potent dopamine D2 receptor blockade may partly underlie its lack of effect on alcohol use. Since long-acting injectable (LAI) risperidone both results in lower average steady-state plasma concentrations than oral risperidone (with lower D2 receptor occupancy) and encourages adherence, it may be more likely to decrease heavy alcohol use (days per week of drinking 5 or more drinks per day) than oral risperidone...
October 2015: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
#36
REVIEW
Georgia L Stevens, Gail Dawson, Jacqueline Zummo
AIM: Results from clinical trials support the use of oral antipsychotics for treatment of early or first-episode psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. This paper will review literature on the advantages of early initiation of treatment for schizophrenia and the clinical benefits of early use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). METHOD: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify published literature on the use of LAIs early in the treatment of schizophrenia...
October 2016: Early Intervention in Psychiatry
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lee S Cohen, Adele C Viguera, Kathryn A McInerney, Marlene P Freeman, Alexandra Z Sosinsky, Danna Moustafa, Samantha P Marfurt, Molly A Kwiatkowski, Shannon K Murphy, Adriann M Farrell, David Chitayat, Sonia Hernández-Díaz
OBJECTIVE: Second-generation antipsychotics are used to treat a spectrum of psychiatric illnesses in reproductive-age women. The National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics was established to determine the risk of major malformations among infants exposed to second-generation antipsychotics during pregnancy relative to a comparison group of unexposed infants of mothers with histories of psychiatric morbidity. METHOD: Women were prospectively followed during pregnancy and the postpartum period; obstetric, labor, delivery, and pediatric medical records were obtained...
March 1, 2016: American Journal of Psychiatry
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Derek K Tracy, Dan W Joyce, S Neil Sarkar, Maria-Jesus Mateos Fernandez, Sukhwinder S Shergill
BACKGROUND: Clozapine is the treatment of choice for medication refractory psychosis, but it does not benefit half of those put on it. There are numerous studies of potential post-clozapine strategies, but little data to guide the order of such treatment in this common clinical challenge. We describe a naturalistic observational study in 153 patients treated by a specialist psychosis service to identify optimal pharmacotherapy practice, based on outcomes. METHODS: Medication and clinical data, based on the OPCRIT tool, were examined on admission and discharge from the national psychosis service...
July 25, 2015: BMC Psychiatry
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Markus Dold, Gernot Fugger, Martin Aigner, Rupert Lanzenberger, Siegfried Kasper
BACKGROUND: Non-response to an initial antipsychotic trial emerges frequently in the pharmacological management of schizophrenia. Increasing the dose (high-dose treatment, dose escalation) is an often applied strategy in this regard, but there are currently no meta-analytic data available to ascertain the evidence of this treatment option. METHODS: We systematically searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a dose increase directly to the continuation of standard-dose medication in patients with initial non-response to a prospective standard-dose pharmacotherapy with the same antipsychotic compound...
August 2015: Schizophrenia Research
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashleigh Lin, Stephen J Wood, Barnaby Nelson, Amanda Beavan, Patrick McGorry, Alison R Yung
OBJECTIVE: Two-thirds of individuals identified as at ultra-high risk for psychosis do not develop psychotic disorder over the medium term. The authors examined outcomes in a group of such patients. METHOD: Participants were help-seeking individuals identified as being at ultra-high risk for psychosis 2-14 years previously. The 226 participants (125 female, 101 male) completed a follow-up assessment and had not developed psychosis. Their mean age at follow-up was 25...
March 1, 2015: American Journal of Psychiatry
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