SonoKids URO infant

We describe a case of an infant born at 39 weeks of gestation who was in the neonatal intensive care unit for postoperative management of congenital heart disease and underwent bedside ultrasound-guided percutaneous cystostomy to treat an iatrogenic urethral injury. The procedure was uneventful, successful, and no complications were noted. This case demonstrates that this procedure is safe and minimally invasive. Indications, contraindications, techniques, potential complications, and the safety of performing this procedure in a bedside setting are discussed...

The urachus is a tubular structure extending from the dome of the bladder to the umbilicus. Normally, this allantoic and cloacal remnant obliterates into a fibrous band by late fetal development. Urachal abnormalities include a patent urachus, urachal cyst, umbilical urachal sinus, and a vesicourachal diverticulum. These abnormalities are most often asymptomatic and only come to clinical attention when associated with infection. A 2-month-old male infant presented to our tertiary pediatric hospital with several days of intermittent fevers and a focal region of swelling and erythema over the umbilicus...

PURPOSE: To investigate the meaning of ureter dilatation during ultrasonography (US) in infants for evaluating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed abdominal US images of infants who were diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI group) or only hydronephrosis without UTI (control group). Hydronephrosis (graded 0-4) and ureter dilatation (present or absent) were evaluated on each side with US. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) within 3 months time interval with US was also reviewed and VUR was graded (0-5) on each side...

OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract (UT) dilation is sonographically identified in 1-2% of fetuses and reflects a spectrum of possible uropathies. There is significant variability in the clinical management of individuals with prenatal UT dilation that stems from a paucity of evidence-based information correlating the severity of prenatal UT dilation to postnatal urological pathologies. The lack of correlation between prenatal and postnatal US findings and final urologic diagnosis has been problematic, in large measure because of a lack of consensus and uniformity in defining and classifying UT dilation...

Recent studies have resulted in major changes in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. The present statement focuses on the diagnosis and management of infants and children >2 months of age with an acute UTI and no known underlying urinary tract pathology or risk factors for a neurogenic bladder. UTI should be ruled out in preverbal children with unexplained fever and in older children with symptoms suggestive of UTI (dysuria, urinary frequency, hematuria, abdominal pain, back pain or new daytime incontinence)...

PURPOSE: In 2011 the AAP revised practice parameters on febrile urinary tract infection in infants and children 2 to 24 months old. New imaging recommendations invigorated the ongoing debate regarding the diagnosis and management of vesicoureteral reflux. We compared evaluations in these patients with febrile urinary tract infection before and after guideline publication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 2 separate 6-month periods 350 patients 2 to 24 months old were evaluated in the emergency room setting...

Pathology in the urinary tract is one of the most frequent queries when children are referred for an ultrasound examination. Comprehensive ultrasound examinations can answer most clinical questions of the urogenital tract with minimal patient preparation and without the use of ionising radiation. Therefore, optimised imaging protocols should be available in all radiology departments where children are examined. This review suggests a preferred imaging protocol for urogenital imaging in children and gives an overview of the different structures of the urogenital tract, the normal age-related sonographic anatomy, and gives examples of the most commonly encountered diseases of the urogenital system in children...

BACKGROUND: In patients with a non-palpable testis (NPT) on physical examination, the testis is assumed either to be situated intra-abdominally or to be hypoplastic or absent. Diagnostic laparoscopy in these boys is considered the preferable first step. In this study the diagnostic value of pre-operative ultrasound for NPT is assessed in comparison with laparoscopy. METHODS: All boys aged under the age of 17 years who were diagnosed with an NPT by a pediatric surgeon from 2000 till 2012 were evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: A large proportion of boys referred for undescended testis (UDT) is not managed optimally prior to the referral, with the majority seen at >1 year of age and many having unnecessary ultrasound (US). Our objective was to assess the magnitude of these problems in our area and to determine if unnecessary US decreased following interventions to educate referring providers (RPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A chart review was done on new patients referred for UDT from January 2010 to June 2012...

Diagnosis and treatment of an anuric premature infant with severe respiratory compromise and a normal renal ultrasound (US), is a difficult task that requires a multidisciplinary approach. A 29-week gestation premature male infant, born after 5 weeks of worsening oligohydramnios, was ventilated for respiratory distress and remained anuric. Intensive clinical investigations and pediatric nephrology consultation that predicted very poor prognosis were followed by progressive renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory failure, ventricular arrhythmia, and finally cardiac arrest and death on day 5...