collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37356085/systemic-corticosteroids-for-treating-respiratory-diseases-less-is-better-but%C3%A2-when-and-how-is-it-possible-in-real-life
#1
REVIEW
Andrea S Melani, Sara Croce, Lucia Cassai, Giusy Montuori, Gaia Fabbri, Maddalena Messina, Magda Viani, Elena Bargagli
Systemic corticosteroids (CSs), a keystone in pulmonology, are drugs with strong antiinflammatory activity. They are cheap, easily available, and accessible, but with common and serious side effects. Moreover, the use of exogenous CSs may suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, predisposing to adrenal insufficiency. Safe CS treatment is a challenge of pharmacological research. This narrative review examined the indications of CSs in some respiratory diseases, analyzing what types, dosages, and length of treatment are required as the dosage and duration of CS treatments need to be minimized...
June 25, 2023: Pulmonary Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34035887/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-moving-from-symptom-relief-to-mortality-reduction
#2
REVIEW
Alessandro Celi, Manuela Latorre, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Riccardo Pistelli
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a 3-year mortality rate up to 37%, 2-6 times higher than the general population. We present evidence supporting pharmacological therapies to improve patient life expectancy, focusing on inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) combined with long-acting bronchodilators (LABDs). A reduction in 3-year all-cause mortality (ACM) has been shown in patients with severe COPD treated with fluticasone propionate (an ICS) and salmeterol [long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)], compared with placebo...
2021: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32856593/clinical-recommendations-for-the-management-of-biological-treatments-in-severe-asthma-patients-a-consensus-statement
#3
REVIEW
J Delgado, I J Dávila, J Domínguez-Ortega
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The definition of severe uncontrolled asthma and the best phenotype-driven management are not fully established. Objective: We aimed to reach a consensus on the definition of severe uncontrolled asthma and give recommendations on optimal management with phenotype-targeted biological therapies. METHODS: A modified Delphi technique was used. A scientific committee provided statements addressing the definition of severe uncontrolled asthma and controversial issues about its treatment with biologics...
February 17, 2021: Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34044293/predictors-of-failure-of-high-flow-nasal-cannula-failure-in-acute-hypoxemic-respiratory-failure-due-to-covid-19
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Orlando Garner, Deepa Dongarwar, Hamisu M Salihu, Jairo H Barrantes Perez, Jocelyn Abraham, Cameron McBride, Sindhu Mathew, Preethi Antony, Keegan Collins, Katherine L Richards, Christopher M Howard
Hypoxemic respiratory failure is a common manifestation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure were, at times, being intubated earlier than normal; in part because the options of heated humidified high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were considered potentially inadequate and to increase risk of virus aerosolization. To understand the benefits and factors that predict success and failure of HFNC in this population, we evaluated data from the first 30 sequential patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia to our center who were managed with HFNC...
August 2021: Respiratory Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34058115/in-copd-prophylactic-macrolides-but-not-tetracyclines-or-quinolones-reduce-exacerbations-with-fewer-serious-adverse-events
#5
COMMENT
Sandra G Adams, Jay I Peters
Janjua S, Mathioudakis AG, Fortescue R, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;1:CD013198. 33448349.
June 2021: Annals of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33789928/viral-respiratory-pathogens-and-lung-injury
#6
REVIEW
Nicola Clementi, Sreya Ghosh, Maria De Santis, Matteo Castelli, Elena Criscuolo, Ivan Zanoni, Massimo Clementi, Nicasio Mancini
Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage...
June 16, 2021: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33844574/pulmonary-hypertension
#7
REVIEW
David Poch, Jess Mandel
Pulmonary hypertension is the term used to describe a group of disorders characterized by abnormally high pressures in the pulmonary arteries. Initial evaluation is focused on identifying the cause, which helps guide appropriate treatment. Pulmonary hypertension is often a feature of advanced common diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and left heart disease, and treatment is focused primarily on the underlying disease. More rarely, pulmonary hypertension results from chronic organized thromboemboli or a primary vasculopathy...
April 2021: Annals of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33646084/what-is-pulmonary-hypertension
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marianna Sockrider
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 1, 2021: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32861339/pulmonary-hypertension-a-brief-guide-for-clinicians
#9
REVIEW
Stacy A Mandras, Hirsch S Mehta, Anjali Vaidya
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified into 5 clinical subgroups: pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), PH due to left-sided heart disease, PH due to chronic lung disease, chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH), and PH with an unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms. A range of underlying conditions can lead to these disorders. Overall, PH affects approximately 1% of the global population, and over half of patients with heart failure may be affected. Cardiologists are therefore likely to encounter PH in their practice...
September 2020: Mayo Clinic Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33334946/ers-statement-on-chronic-thromboembolic-pulmonary-hypertension
#10
REVIEW
Marion Delcroix, Adam Torbicki, Deepa Gopalan, Olivier Sitbon, Frederikus A Klok, Irene Lang, David Jenkins, Nick H Kim, Marc Humbert, Xavier Jais, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Philippe Brénot, Peter Dorfmuller, Elie Fadel, Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani, Marius M Hoeper, Pavel Jansa, Michael Madani, Hiromi Matsubara, Takeshi Ogo, Ekkehard Grünig, Andrea D'Armini, Nazzareno Galie, Bernhard Meyer, Patrick Corkery, Gergely Meszaros, Eckhard Mayer, Gérald Simonneau
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism, either symptomatic or not. The occlusion of proximal pulmonary arteries by fibrotic intravascular material, in combination with a secondary microvasculopathy of vessels <500 µm, leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and progressive right heart failure. The mechanism responsible for the transformation of red clots into fibrotic material remnants has not yet been elucidated. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, the diagnosis is suspected when a ventilation/perfusion lung scan shows mismatched perfusion defects, and confirmed by right heart catheterisation and vascular imaging...
June 2021: European Respiratory Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32858009/international-perspective-on-the-new-2019-american-thoracic-society-infectious-diseases-society-of-america-community-acquired-pneumonia-guideline-a-critical-appraisal-by-a-global-expert-panel
#11
REVIEW
Mathias W Pletz, Francesco Blasi, James D Chalmers, Charles S Dela Cruz, Charles Feldman, Carlos M Luna, Julio A Ramirez, Yuichiro Shindo, Daiana Stolz, Antoni Torres, Brandon Webb, Tobias Welte, Richard Wunderink, Stefano Aliberti
In 2019, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) issued a substantial revision of the 2007 guideline on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite the fact that generalization of infectious disease guidelines is limited because of substantial geographic differences in microbiologic etiology and antimicrobial resistance, the ATS/IDSA guideline is frequently applied outside the United States. Therefore, this project aimed to give a perspective on the ATS/IDSA CAP recommendations related to the management of CAP outside the United States...
November 2020: Chest
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32422178/pulmonary-fibrosis-and-covid-19-the-potential-role-for-antifibrotic-therapy
#12
REVIEW
Peter M George, Athol U Wells, R Gisli Jenkins
In December, 2019, reports emerged from Wuhan, China, of a severe acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By the end of April, 2020, over 3 million people had been confirmed infected, with over 1 million in the USA alone, and over 215 000 deaths. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are diverse, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The major risk factors for severe COVID-19 are shared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), namely increasing age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes...
August 2020: Lancet Respiratory Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32821908/prone-positioning-for-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards
#13
Joseph Hadaya, Peyman Benharash
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 6, 2020: JAMA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32759284/pulmonary-embolism-update-on-management-and-controversies
#14
REVIEW
Lisa Duffett, Lana A Castellucci, Melissa A Forgie
Pulmonary embolism is a common and potentially fatal cardiovascular disorder that must be promptly diagnosed and treated. The diagnosis, risk assessment, and management of pulmonary embolism have evolved with a better understanding of efficient use of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The use of either clinical probability adjusted or age adjusted D-dimer interpretation has led to a reduction in diagnostic imaging to exclude pulmonary embolism. Direct oral anticoagulation therapies are safe, effective, and convenient treatments for most patients with acute venous thromboembolism, with a lower risk of bleeding than vitamin K antagonists...
August 5, 2020: BMJ: British Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32600375/update-of-the-treatment-of-nosocomial-pneumonia-in-the-icu
#15
REVIEW
Rafael Zaragoza, Pablo Vidal-Cortés, Gerardo Aguilar, Marcio Borges, Emili Diaz, Ricard Ferrer, Emilio Maseda, Mercedes Nieto, Francisco Xavier Nuvials, Paula Ramirez, Alejandro Rodriguez, Cruz Soriano, Javier Veganzones, Ignacio Martín-Loeches
In accordance with the recommendations of, amongst others, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign and the recently published European treatment guidelines for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), in the event of a patient with such infections, empirical antibiotic treatment must be appropriate and administered as early as possible. The aim of this manuscript is to update treatment protocols by reviewing recently published studies on the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in the critically ill patients that require invasive respiratory support and patients with HAP from hospital wards that require invasive mechanical ventilation...
June 29, 2020: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32561442/-management-of-community-acquired-pneumonia-in-immunocompromised-adults-a-consensus-statement-regarding-initial-strategies
#16
REVIEW
Julio A Ramirez, Daniel M Musher, Scott E Evans, Charles Dela Cruz, Kristina A Crothers, Chadi A Hage, Stefano Aliberti, Antonio Anzueto, Francisco Arancibia, Forest Arnold, Elie Azoulay, Francesco Blasi, Jose Bordon, Steven Burdette, Bin Cao, Rodrigo Cavallazzi, James Chalmers, Patrick Charles, Jean Chastre, Yann-Erick Claessens, Nathan Dean, Xavier Duval, Muriel Fartoukh, Charles Feldman, Thomas File, Filipe Froes, Stephen Furmanek, Martin Gnoni, Gustavo Lopardo, Carlos Luna, Takaya Maruyama, Rosario Menendez, Mark Metersky, Donna Mildvan, Eric Mortensen, Michael S Niederman, Mathias Pletz, Jordi Rello, Marcos I Restrepo, Yuichiro Shindo, Antoni Torres, Grant Waterer, Brandon Webb, Tobias Welte, Martin Witzenrath, Richard Wunderink
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guidelines have improved the management and outcomes of patients with CAP, primarily by standardization of initial empiric therapy. But current society-published guidelines exclude immunocompromised patients. RESEARCH QUESTION: There is no concensus regarding the initial management of immunocompromised patients with suspected CAP. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This consensus document was created by a multidisciplinary panel of 45 physicians with experience in the management of CAP in immunocompromised patients...
June 16, 2020: Chest
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31978310/treatment-of-acute-exacerbation-of-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-a-call-to-arms
#17
EDITORIAL
Michael Kreuter, Toby M Maher
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 1, 2020: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32001501/airway-mucus-accumulation-in-copd-the-cholinergic-paradox
#18
EDITORIAL
Pierre-Régis Burgel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2020: European Respiratory Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31891317/cardiopulmonary-exercise-testing-cpet
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas W DeCato, Hans Haverkamp, Matthew J Hegewald
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 1, 2020: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31871126/thoracic-ultrasound-competence-for-ultrasound-guided-pleural-procedures
#20
REVIEW
David J McCracken, Christian B Laursen, Graham Barker, Fergus V Gleeson, Kathy M Cullen, Najib M Rahman
Focused thoracic ultrasound has become essential in the guidance and direction of pleural interventions to reduce unwanted complications and as a result now forms a crucial component of physician training. Current training standards along with assessment methods vary widely, and are often not robust enough to ensure adequate competence.This review assesses the current state of training and assessment of thoracic ultrasound competence in various settings, allowing comparison with alternative competency based programmes...
December 31, 2019: European Respiratory Review: An Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
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