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REVIEW
Teresa K Chen, Melanie P Hoenig, Dorothea Nitsch, Morgan E Grams
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global public health crisis, but awareness by patients and providers is poor. Defined as persistent abnormalities in kidney structure or function for more than three months, manifested as either low glomerular filtration rate or presence of a marker of kidney damage such as albuminuria, CKD can be identified through readily available blood and urine tests. Early recognition of CKD is crucial for harnessing major advances in staging, prognosis, and treatment. This review discusses the evidence behind the general principles of CKD management, such as blood pressure and glucose control, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, statin therapy, and dietary management...
December 5, 2023: BMJ: British Medical Journal
#2
REVIEW
Philip Lobue, Dick Menzies
Isoniazid (INH) has been the mainstay of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection for almost 50 years. The currently recommended preferred regimen is 9 months daily self-administered INH (9H); this has efficacy of more than 90% if completed properly. Unfortunately, INH is associated with serious adverse events, including hepatotoxicity. Although risk factors for this complication are well established, allowing for better selection of candidates for therapy, this complication still occurs, and is occasionally fatal...
May 2010: Respirology: Official Journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology
#3
REVIEW
Khawaja M Talha, Stefan D Anker, Javed Butler
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are the latest addition to guideline-directed medical therapy in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction with recent trials suggesting a significant reduction in adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HF with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction. SGLT-2 inhibitors have evolved as metabolic drugs due to their multi-system effects and are indicated for the management of HF across the ejection fraction spectrum, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease...
April 2023: International journal of heart failure
#4
REVIEW
Paul C Adams, James C Barton
Elevated serum ferritin concentrations are common in clinical practice. In this review, we provide an approach to interpreting the serum ferritin elevation in relationship to other clinical parameters including the patient history, transferrin saturation, serum concentrations of alanine, and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST), testing for HFE mutations, liver imaging, liver biopsy, and liver iron concentration. We used observations from a large series of patients with hepatic iron overload documented by liver iron concentration measurement from two referral practices as a gold standard to guide the interpretation of the predictive values of non-invasive iron tests...
August 2011: Journal of Hepatology
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REVIEW
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Antoni Torres, Blin Nagavci, Stefano Aliberti, Massimo Antonelli, Matteo Bassetti, Lieuwe Bos, James Chalmers, Lennie Derde, Jan de Waele, Jose Garnacho-Montero, Marin Kollef, Carlos Luna, Rosario Menendez, Michael Niederman, Dimitry Ponomarev, Marcos Restrepo, David Rigau, Marcus Schultz, Emmanuele Weiss, Tobias Welte, Richard Wunderink
PURPOSE: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and whilst European and non-European guidelines are available for community-acquired pneumonia, there are no specific guidelines for sCAP. METHODS: The European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), and Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) launched a task force to develop the first international guidelines for sCAP...
April 4, 2023: Intensive Care Medicine
#7
REVIEW
Syed Mahamad, Dimpy Modi, Hanny Al-Samkari, Adam Cuker, Jenny M Despotovic, Joseph E Italiano, Michele P Lambert, Eun-Ju Lee, Matthew T Rondina, Michelle Sholzberg, Caroline Kruse, Mark Larché, Ishac Nazy, Matthew S Miller, Donald M Arnold
The inaugural McMaster Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Summit was held virually in 2021. The objectives of the Summit were to recognize the difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of ITP and to understand gaps in current knowledge of ITP mechanisms that might lead to better diagnostic approaches and treatments. The half-day program consisted of virtual educational sessions targeting clinicians and basic scientists. The planning committee chose 8 topics to review that would cover current knowledge and inform future research priorities...
February 2023: Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
#8
REVIEW
Marcin Kosmalski, Rafał Frankowski, Sylwia Ziółkowska, Monika Różycka-Kosmalska, Tadeusz Pietras
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health problem due to its high incidence and consequences. In view of the existing controversies, new therapeutic options for NAFLD are still being sought. Therefore, the aim of our review was to evaluate the recently published studies on the treatment of NAFLD patients. We searched for articles in the PubMed database using appropriate terms, including "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", "NAFLD", "diet", "treatment", "physical activity", "supplementation", "surgery", "overture" and "guidelines"...
February 26, 2023: Journal of Clinical Medicine
#9
REVIEW
Fotios Barkas, Georgia Anastasiou, George Liamis, Haralampos Milionis
Hyponatraemia is common in patients with stroke and associated with adverse outcomes and increased mortality risk. The present review presents the underlying causes and provides a thorough algorithm for the diagnosis and management of hyponatraemia in stroke patients. Concomitant diseases and therapies, such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, along with diuretics, antidepressants and proton pump inhibitors are the most common causes of hyponatraemia in community. In the setting of acute stroke, the emergence of hyponatraemia might be attributed to the administration of hypotonic solutions and drugs (ie...
2023: Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
#10
REVIEW
Jason S Knight, D Ware Branch, Thomas L Ortel
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombo-inflammatory disease propelled by circulating autoantibodies that recognize cell surface phospholipids and phospholipid binding proteins. The result is an increased risk of thrombotic events, pregnancy morbidity, and various other autoimmune and inflammatory complications. Although antiphospholipid syndrome was first recognized in patients with lupus, the stand alone presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome is at least equally common. Overall, the diagnosis appears to affect at least one in 2000 people...
February 27, 2023: BMJ: British Medical Journal
#11
REVIEW
Raluca S Costache, Andreea S Dragomirică, Bogdan E Gheorghe, Vasile D Balaban, Silviu M Stanciu, Mariana Jinga, Daniel O Costache
The administration of an anticoagulant in patients with liver disease (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-NASH, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-NAFLD, chronic hepatitis, or cirrhosis) who have an indication (atrial fibrillation, venous thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism) is challenging because there is an imbalance between thrombosis and bleeding. There is a need to focus our attention on preventing risk factors because diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, and sedentary behavior are risk factors for both NASH/NAFLD and AF, and these patients require anticoagulant treatment...
February 12, 2023: Medicina
#12
REVIEW
Maria P Diaz-Soto, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
Cirrhosis consists of two main stages: compensated (asymptomatic) and decompensated, the latter with a higher mortality. Variceal hemorrhage, together with ascites or encephalopathy, or both, are events that define cirrhosis decompensation and are driven by portal hypertension. The approach and management of patients with compensated cirrhosis has been mostly focused on preventing variceal hemorrhage in those who have high-risk varices on endoscopy. Recent studies suggest a paradigm shift aimed at preventing all decompensating events, not only variceal hemorrhage, in patients with cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension identified via noninvasive measures such as liver stiffness and platelet count...
2022: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
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REVIEW
Susan E Williams
Vitamin D supplementation is common in the United States, with about one-fifth of the adult population taking a daily supplement in one form or another. Although the detrimental effects of insufficient sun exposure in childhood was established centuries ago, the beneficial effects of vitamin D sufficiency have only recently been established, given the myriad investigations associating vitamin D deficiency with numerous chronic diseases. But it is far less clear precisely how to replete low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels, how long treatment should be continued, if there are potential hazards in doing so, and how to assess and counsel patients regarding the use of vitamin D...
March 1, 2022: Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
#14
REVIEW
Paul A Heidenreich, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Larry A Allen, Joni J Byun, Monica M Colvin, Anita Deswal, Mark H Drazner, Shannon M Dunlay, Linda R Evers, James C Fang, Savitri E Fedson, Gregg C Fonarow, Salim S Hayek, Adrian F Hernandez, Prateeti Khazanie, Michelle M Kittleson, Christopher S Lee, Mark S Link, Carmelo A Milano, Lorraine C Nnacheta, Alexander T Sandhu, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Orly Vardeny, Amanda R Vest, Clyde W Yancy
AIM: The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" replaces the "2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" and the "2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure." The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with heart failure. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other relevant databases...
April 1, 2022: Circulation
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Evans, Andrew Rhodes, Waleed Alhazzani, Massimo Antonelli, Craig M Coopersmith, Craig French, Flávia R Machado, Lauralyn Mcintyre, Marlies Ostermann, Hallie C Prescott, Christa Schorr, Steven Simpson, W Joost Wiersinga, Fayez Alshamsi, Derek C Angus, Yaseen Arabi, Luciano Azevedo, Richard Beale, Gregory Beilman, Emilie Belley-Cote, Lisa Burry, Maurizio Cecconi, John Centofanti, Angel Coz Yataco, Jan De Waele, R Phillip Dellinger, Kent Doi, Bin Du, Elisa Estenssoro, Ricard Ferrer, Charles Gomersall, Carol Hodgson, Morten Hylander Møller, Theodore Iwashyna, Shevin Jacob, Ruth Kleinpell, Michael Klompas, Younsuck Koh, Anand Kumar, Arthur Kwizera, Suzana Lobo, Henry Masur, Steven McGloughlin, Sangeeta Mehta, Yatin Mehta, Mervyn Mer, Mark Nunnally, Simon Oczkowski, Tiffany Osborn, Elizabeth Papathanassoglou, Anders Perner, Michael Puskarich, Jason Roberts, William Schweickert, Maureen Seckel, Jonathan Sevransky, Charles L Sprung, Tobias Welte, Janice Zimmerman, Mitchell Levy
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 2021: Intensive Care Medicine
#16
REVIEW
Michael J Bradshaw, Siddharama Pawate, Laura L Koth, Tracey A Cho, Jeffrey M Gelfand
Although often regarded as a protean illness with myriad clinical and imaging manifestations, neurosarcoidosis typically presents as recognizable syndromes that can be approached in a rational, systematic fashion. Understanding of neurosarcoidosis has progressed significantly in recent years, including updated diagnostic criteria and advances in treatment. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is established by the clinical syndrome, imaging and histopathological findings, and exclusion of other causes. Mounting evidence supports the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors as an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium, along with glucocorticoids and steroid-sparing cytotoxic immunosuppressants...
November 2021: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
#17
REVIEW
Jose C Alvarez-Payares, Jesus David Bello-Simanca, Edwin De Jesus De La Peña-Arrieta, Jose Emilio Agamez-Gomez, Jhon Edwar Garcia-Rueda, Amilkar Rodriguez-Arrieta, Luis Antonio Rodriguez-Arrieta
Endocrine tests are the cornerstone of diagnosing multiple diseases that primary care physicians are frequently faced with. Some of these tests can be affected by situations that affect the proper interpretation, leading to incorrect diagnoses and unnecessary treatment, such as the interference of biotin with thyroid function test, falsely elevated prolactin values in presence of macroprolactinemia or falsely normal due to the "hook effect" in macroprolactinomas. Recognizing these situations is essential for the clinician to make an adequate interpretation of these tests as well as an accurate diagnosis that guarantees the best outcomes for the patient...
2021: Frontiers in Endocrinology
#18
REVIEW
Panagiotis Theofilis, Aikaterini Vordoni, Maria Koukoulaki, Georgios Vlachopanos, Rigas G Kalaitzidis
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent disease state met with great morbidity and mortality primarily resulting from the high incidence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Therapeutic strategies in this patient population aim at controlling modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia. SUMMARY: In this review article, we first provide the latest pathophysiologic evidence regarding the altered dyslipidemia pattern in CKD, followed by its contemporary management according to the latest guidelines...
2021: American Journal of Nephrology
#19
REVIEW
Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Hisham Momattin, Anfal Y Al-Ali, Khalid Eljaaly, Raghavendra Tirupathi, Mohamed Bilal Haradwala, Swetha Areti, Saad Alhumaid, Ali A Rabaan, Abbas Al Mutair, Patricia Schlagenhauf
INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global threat. It increases mortality and morbidity and strains healthcare systems. Health care professionals can counter the rising AMR by promoting antibiotic stewardship and facilitating new drug development. Even with the economic and scientific challenges, it is reassuring that new agents continue to be developed. METHODS: This review addresses new antibiotics in the pipeline. We conducted a review of the literature including Medline, Clinicaltrials...
June 2022: Infection
#20
REVIEW
Patterns of ischemic posterior circulation strokes: A clinical, anatomical, and radiological review.
Alexander Salerno, Davide Strambo, Stefania Nannoni, Vincent Dunet, Patrik Michel
BACKGROUND: Posterior circulation and anterior circulation strokes share many clinical, pathogenetic and radiological features, although some clinical signs are highly specific to posterior circulation strokes. Arterial stenosis and occlusions occur in significant numbers in both acute posterior circulation and anterior circulation strokes, making them good candidates for endovascular treatment. Among posterior circulation strokes, basilar artery occlusions stand out because of the diagnostic and acute treatment challenges...
August 2022: International Journal of Stroke: Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
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