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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chandra Veer Singh, Shraddha Jain, Sana Parveen
BACKGROUND: To study the outcome of fluticasone nasal sprays in smell disorders and triamcinolone paste in taste dysfunction in a population of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients as the test group. The control group will not be given any intervention and only monitoring of these symptoms will be done to compare the recovery time. METHODS: This prospective interventional study was conducted from June to Nov 2020 at, Datta Meghe University during the COVID-19 outbreak...
2021: American Journal of Otolaryngology
#2
REVIEW
Kevin S Fay, Debbie L Cohen
Resistant hypertension is common in the chronic kidney disease population and conveys increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and the development of kidney failure. Recently, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association published a revised scientific statement on the definition and management of resistant hypertension, which codified the long-debated differences between pseudoresistant hypertension and true resistant hypertension. We review this distinction and its importance to nephrologists, who frequently encounter patients for whom antihypertensive therapy fails due to difficulty adhering to complex multidrug regimens...
January 2021: American Journal of Kidney Diseases
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tanya Babich, Pontus Naucler, John Karlsson Valik, Christian G Giske, Natividad Benito, Ruben Cardona, Alba Rivera, Celine Pulcini, Manal Abdel Fattah, Justine Haquin, Alasdair Macgowan, Sally Grier, Julie Gibbs, Bibiana Chazan, Anna Yanovskay, Ronen Ben Ami, Michal Landes, Lior Nesher, Adi Zaidman-Shimshovitz, Kate McCarthy, David L Paterson, Evelina Tacconelli, Michael Buhl, Susanna Mauer, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Isabel Morales, Antonio Oliver, Enrique Ruiz De Gopegui, Angela Cano, Isabel Machuca, Monica Gozalo-Marguello, Luis Martinez Martinez, Eva M Gonzalez-Barbera, Iris Gomez Alfaro, Miguel Salavert, Bojana Beovic, Andreja Saje, Manica Mueller-Premru, Leonardo Pagani, Virginie Vitrat, Diamantis Kofteridis, Maria Zacharioudaki, Sofia Maraki, Yulia Weissman, Mical Paul, Yaakov Dickstein, Leonard Leibovici, Dafna Yahav
BACKGROUND: The optimal antibiotic regimen for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia is controversial. Although β-lactam monotherapy is common, data to guide the choice between antibiotics are scarce. We aimed to compare ceftazidime, carbapenems, and piperacillin-tazobactam as definitive monotherapy. METHODS: A multinational retrospective study (9 countries, 25 centers) including 767 hospitalized patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia treated with β-lactam monotherapy during 2009-2015...
May 23, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
#4
REVIEW
Paolo Angeli, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Mitra K Nadim, Chirag R Parikh
Renal dysfunction is a common, life-threatening complication occurring in patients with liver disease. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) has been defined as a purely "functional" type of renal failure that often occurs in patients with cirrhosis in the setting of marked abnormalities in arterial circulation, as well as overactivity of the endogenous vasoactive systems.4,5 In 2007, the International Club of Ascites (ICA) classified HRS into types 1 and 2 (HRS-1 and HRS-2).5 HRS-1 is characterised by a rapid deterioration of renal function that often occurs because of a precipitating event, while HRS-2 is a moderate and stable or slowly progressive renal dysfunction that often occurs without an obvious precipitant...
October 2019: Journal of Hepatology
#5
REVIEW
Jung-Im Shin
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is consensus that metformin should be the first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes. Although new evidence on effective treatments for type 2 diabetes is rapidly evolving, there is uncertainty regarding the optimal choice of second-line therapy. Our aim was to review the current major guidelines for second-line therapy in type 2 diabetes, along with findings from the recent cardiovascular outcome trials, focusing on two particularly promising classes of glucose-lowering drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1 RAs)...
July 8, 2019: Current Diabetes Reports
#6
REVIEW
Shawn Kaku, Christopher D Nguyen, Natalie N Htet, Dominic Tutera, Juliana Barr, Harman S Paintal, Ware G Kuschner
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has multiple causes and is characterized by acute lung inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability, leading to hypoxemic respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary radiographic opacities. The acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, and effective treatment strategies are limited. This review presents the current state of the literature regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and management strategies for ARDS...
August 2020: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
#7
REVIEW
Irene Capelli, Lorenzo Gasperoni, Marco Ruggeri, Gabriele Donati, Olga Baraldi, Giovanni Sorrenti, Maria Turchese Caletti, Valeria Aiello, Giuseppe Cianciolo, Gaetano La Manna
Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone with a well-known effect on the renal tubule leading to water retention and potassium reabsorption. Other major effects of the hormone include the induction of proinflammatory activity that leads to progressive fibrotic damage of the target organs, heart and kidney. Blocking the aldosterone receptor therefore represents an important pharmacological strategy to avoid the clinical conditions deriving from heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) have a low safety profile, especially in CKD patients due to the high incidence of hyperkalemia...
February 2020: Journal of Nephrology
#8
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Vlado Perkovic, Meg J Jardine, Bruce Neal, Severine Bompoint, Hiddo J L Heerspink, David M Charytan, Robert Edwards, Rajiv Agarwal, George Bakris, Scott Bull, Christopher P Cannon, George Capuano, Pei-Ling Chu, Dick de Zeeuw, Tom Greene, Adeera Levin, Carol Pollock, David C Wheeler, Yshai Yavin, Hong Zhang, Bernard Zinman, Gary Meininger, Barry M Brenner, Kenneth W Mahaffey
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo...
June 13, 2019: New England Journal of Medicine
#9
REVIEW
Jung Eun Park, P B Tirupathi Pichiah, Youn-Soo Cha
Vitamin D, a free sunshine vitamin available for mankind from nature, is capable to avert many health-related critical circumstances. Vitamin D is no more regarded as a nutrient involved in bone metabolism alone. The presence of vitamin D receptor in a number of tissues implies that vitamin D has various physiological roles apart from calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Low serum vitamin D has been found to be associated with various types of metabolic illness such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases including hypertension...
December 2018: Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome
#10
REVIEW
Lee Rodney Haselhuhn, Daniel J Brotman, Ilan Shor Wittstein
The 2017 focused update of the 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on heart failure contains new and important recommendations on prevention, novel biomarker uses, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and comorbidities such as hypertension, iron deficiency, and sleep-disordered breathing. Potential implications for management of acute decompensated heart failure will also be explored.
February 2019: Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
#11
REVIEW
Scott J Millington, Manoj M Lalu, Michel Boivin, Seth Koenig
The insertion of a subclavian central venous catheter is generally associated with a high rate of success and a favorable risk profile. The use of ultrasound for procedural guidance has been demonstrated to further increase the rate of success and reduce the risk of specific mechanical complications, especially in patients with difficult surface anatomy. Many individual ultrasound techniques have been described in the literature; this article presents a systematic approach for incorporating these tools into bedside practice and includes a series of illustrative figures and narrated video presentations to demonstrate the techniques described...
May 2019: Chest
#12
REVIEW
Allison K Guitor, Gerard D Wright
Since their introduction into health care and clinical practice in the early 20th century, antibiotics have revolutionized medicine. Alarmingly, these drugs are increasingly threatened by bacteria that have developed a broad diversity of resistance mechanisms. Antibiotic resistance can be transferred between bacteria, often on mobile genetic elements; be acquired from the environment; or arise through mutation because of selective pressures of the drugs themselves. There are various strategies to resistance, including active efflux of the drug from the bacterial cell, reduced permeability of the cell envelope, alteration of the drug's target within the bacterial cell, and modification or destruction of the antibiotic...
November 2018: Chest
#13
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Dafna Yahav, Erica Franceschini, Fidi Koppel, Adi Turjeman, Tanya Babich, Roni Bitterman, Ami Neuberger, Nesrin Ghanem-Zoubi, Antonella Santoro, Noa Eliakim-Raz, Barak Pertzov, Tali Steinmetz, Anat Stern, Yaakov Dickstein, Elias Maroun, Hiba Zayyad, Jihad Bishara, Danny Alon, Yonatan Edel, Elad Goldberg, Claudia Venturelli, Cristina Mussini, Leonard Leibovici, Mical Paul
BACKGROUND: Gram-negative bacteremia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Data to guide the duration of antibiotic therapy are limited. METHODS: This was a randomized, multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial. Inpatients with gram-negative bacteremia, who were afebrile and hemodynamically stable for at least 48 hours, were randomized to receive 7 days (intervention) or 14 days (control) of covering antibiotic therapy. Patients with uncontrolled focus of infection were excluded...
September 13, 2019: Clinical Infectious Diseases
#14
REVIEW
E Helfrich, T W de Vries, E N van Roon
UNLABELLED: Hyperkalaemia is a potentially fatal disorder that demands direct treatment. The efficacy of traditional medical treatment is unpredictable, limited, of short duration or carries the risk of serious adverse events. The administration of salbutamol for hyperkalaemia in children is described in several clinical trials and case reports. CONCLUSION: Salbutamol, inhaled or infused, is safe and efficacious and results in a predictable and long-lasting reduction in serum potassium...
November 2001: Acta Paediatrica
#15
COMPARATIVE STUDY
W J Du Plooy, L Hay, C P Kahler, P J Schutte, H D Brandt
1. The hypokalaemic effect of salbutamol after more than 30 min of administration has been well described. A hyper-and-hypokalaemic effect for adrenaline has been reported, but no such hyperkalaemic effect for salbutamol. 2. The possible hyper-and-hypokalaemic effects of salbutamol with the concomitant potential for pro-arrhythmia were assessed in the baboon (Papio ursinus). 3. Male and female baboons were anaesthetized with ketamine (15 mg kg-1) and maintained with 6% pentobarbitone as spontaneously breathing animals...
January 1994: British Journal of Pharmacology
#16
COMPARATIVE STUDY
H H Liou, S S Chiang, S C Wu, T P Huang, V M Campese, M Smogorzewski, W C Yang
To examine and compare the efficacy and safety of different routes of administration of salbutamol in treating hyperkalemia, 15 patients with chronic renal failure (blood urea nitrogen > 80 mg/dL, serum creatinine > 8.0 mg/dL) were enrolled to sequentially receive either intravenous infusion (0.5 mg) or nebulization (10 mg) of salbutamol. Five of these patients (33.3%) did not respond to the intravenous salbutamol and were excluded from the study. Both treatments significantly decreased plasma potassium in 10 patients and the decrease was sustained for at least 3 hours...
February 1994: American Journal of Kidney Diseases
#17
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Hakam Yaseen, Mona Khalaf, Ahmed Dana, Noha Yaseen, Maha Darwich
Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of rectal cation-exchange resin (Kayexalate) versus salbutamol infusion for the treatment of nonoliguric hyperkalemia (NOHK) in preterm infants. Data of all neonates born with NOHK during the study period of 6 years and 8 months were recorded. Diagnostic criteria of NOHK included serum potassium (SK) concentration > or = 7 mmol/L during the first 72 hours of life with urine output > or = 1 mL/kg/hour. This before-after study was divided according to the date of admission; the first 15 patients were treated with Kayexalate enema 1 g/kg every 4 hours, and the remaining 30 patients were treated with intravenous salbutamol infusion as 4 mug/kg every 4 hours...
March 2008: American Journal of Perinatology
#18
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
A Mandelberg, Z Krupnik, S Houri, S Smetana, E Gilad, Z Matas, I E Priel
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of inhaled salbutamol (rapidly delivered, using a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer device [MDI-S]) in lowering the serum potassium levels in patients with hyperkalemia. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PATIENTS: Seventeen chronic renal failure patients referred to the Nephrology Unit between October 1, 1997 and March 31, 1998 for hemodialysis were randomized. INTERVENTION AND RESULTS: Group 1 received salbutamol followed by a placebo...
March 1999: Chest
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Montoliu, J Almirall, E Ponz, J M Campistol, L Revert
The aim of this study was to investigate whether beta-2-adrenergic stimulation with inhaled salbutamol is therapeutically useful in hyperkalaemia. Ten patients with renal failure and hyperkalaemia (serum potassium concentration greater than 6 mmol l-1) were given 15 mg salbutamol via a nebulizer over a 30-min period. Serum potassium was measured 30, 60, 180 and 360 min thereafter. All patients had end-stage renal failure on chronic hospital haemodialysis. Serum potassium levels decreased significantly from a pretreatment value of 6...
July 1990: Journal of Internal Medicine
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Montoliu, X M Lens, L Revert
To study the effect of specific beta 2-adrenergic stimulation on potassium metabolism in renal failure, we intravenously administered albuterol (Salbutamol) sulfate, 0.5 mg, to 20 patients with chronic renal failure (glomerular filtration rate, less than 5 mL/min) receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Within 30 minutes after albuterol administration, serum potassium level dropped from 5.6 +/- 0.2 (+/- SEM) to 4.5 +/- 0.2 mEq/L (5.6 +/- 0.2 to 4.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/L). There were no changes in plasma aldosterone levels or arterial pH, but blood glucose and serum insulin levels increased...
April 1987: Archives of Internal Medicine
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