Implications for bio-psycho-social-spiritual concerns in cardiovascular nursing.

One of the most challenging areas of scientific investigation is to determine the connections of the human spirit, emotions, love, attitudes, meaning, and purpose with physiologic and pathophysiologic alterations. Fundamental changes must occur in the current health care system and in research models so that cardiovascular patients, their families, and health care providers are presented with new strategies for prevention, stabilization, or reversal of the devastating effects of cardiovascular disease. The current biologic, unidimensional, reductionistic, technologic approach to the treatment of heart disease must be expanded to include the psycho-social-spiritual dimension. This article explores the mind-body dilemma, the theory and research basis for the psychophysiology of bodymind healing, and implications for practice and research.