[Surgical treatment of achalasia. Analysis of 27 cases].

1. Esophageal achalasia is a rare disease of unknown origin that occurs with the same frequency in both sexes. 2. During the preoperative workup as well as the postoperative time the following studies should be performed: upper GI series, esophageal manometry and endoscopy with biopsy. 3. In most instances conservative treatment with dilations only provides temporal relief of the symptoms and moreover, is not exempt from complications; it should be employed only in incipient achalasia, in patients who refuse to be operated upon and in those whose general conditions make surgery inadvisable. 4. Surgery can provide a permanent cure for the symptomatology in the majority of the patients, with a very low mortality and morbidity; an operation should be performed early in those who retain more than 10 mls. in the esophagus with persistence of the symptomatology as well as in those patients in whom cancer is suspected. 5. A modified Heller type operation, with abdominal approach with gastrostomy, diaphragmatic hernioplasty and an anti-reflux procedure and when necessary a piloroplasty is the treatment of choice for esophageal achalasia yielding good results in 88.8% of the cases. It should be noted that the degree of postoperative gastroesophageal regurgitation is directly related to the extent to which the gastric incisons is extended below the esophageal-gastric junction.