Interfacial engineering of a multijunctional In 2 O 3 /WO 3 @Ti 4 N 3 T x S-scheme photocatalyst with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties.

Achieving high photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency requires the logical layout of a composite photocatalyst with optimal charge separation and transfer with ideal light harvesting capabilities to enhance the photocatalytic performance and the degradation rate towards organic pollutants. Herein, a novel In2 O3 /WO3 @Ti4 N3 T x S-scheme heterojunction was successfully synthesized and confirmed through valence band VB-XPS and Mott Schottky combined analysis. The formed MXene-doped In2 O3 /WO3 @Ti4 N3 T x S-scheme significantly enhances the charge flow and spatial separation with an improved oxidation and reduction ability. An in-built interfacial electric field at the WO3 -In2 O3 boundary enhanced the light-harvesting capacity, whereas Ti4 N3 T x MXene offers a unique electron trapping effect which effectively lowers high charge carrier recombination rate-related photocatalytic deficit. It preserves the exceptional redox potency of the photocatalyst by providing a directed acceleration and effective separation of the photogenerated charges. A high carrier density ( N D = 7.83 × 1021 cm-3 ) with a lower negative flat band ( V FB = -0.064 V vs. Ag/AgCl) was obtained by Mott-Schottky analysis for 3 wt% In2 O3 /WO3 @Ti4 N3 T x , an indicator that a low overpotential is needed to activate photocatalytic reactions. This study, therefore, provides a novel thought for the design and fabrication of an S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic reactions for mineralization of organic pollutants in water and clean energy production.