Application of electrospinning to fabricate phycocyanin- and Spirulina extract-loaded gliadin fibers for active food packaging.

This study explored the active food packaging application of phycocyanin- and Spirulina extract-loaded gliadin electrospun fibers (GPhy and GSPE5% ). SEM findings confirmed that the morphology of fibers was tubular, showing the GPhy and GSPE5% as the optimum fibers. The loading efficiencies of GPhy and GSPE5% were also around 90%, which proved the well-incorporated compounds within the fibers. Simulation results of α-gliadin dissolved in acetic acid illustrated the denaturation of the protein. FTIR and TGA confirmed that after electrospinning the chemical/structural changes and enhanced thermostabilities occurred, respectively. Antibacterial and antioxidant tests detected higher bactericidal and antioxidative effects of GSPE5% than GPhy. In the application part, it was found that GPhy and GSPE5% were able to decrease PV and TBA values as the indications of walnut kernels' protection from lipid oxidation. This work shows a facile and an efficient way to fabricate active food packaging materials using electrospinning and natural compounds.