Three-dimensional printed pure-titanium implantation for chest wall reconstruction involving the sternum and ribs: a novel approach.

Chest wall reconstruction is challenging due to the complex shape and large defect size. The three-dimensional printing technology enables the fabrication of customized implants, and 3D-printed pure-titanium could provide superior mechanical properties to conventional materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes of patients undergoing chest wall reconstruction with a 3D-printed pure-titanium implant. Between August 2018 and May 2021, five patients underwent surgery due to sternal metastasis (n = 3), postoperative sternal wound infection (n = 1), and deformity (n = 1). The customized implant was designed and constructed based on the size and shape of the chest wall defect measured on computed tomography. All patients demonstrated uneventful recovery without complications during the hospital course. During the median follow-up of 20 months, one patient underwent revision surgery due to implant breakage, and one removed the implant due to trauma-related chest wall infection. One patient died from cancer progression, while three patients are alive without any implant-related complications. Chest wall reconstruction using a 3D-printed pure-titanium implant could be a novel alternative for patients with various conditions affecting the sternum and ribs.