Prevalence and predictors of breastfeeding in the MINA-Brazil cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive (EBF) and continued breastfeeding (BF) practices among Amazonian children.

METHODS: Data from 1,143 mother-child pairs recorded on the Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Acre (MINA-Brazil) birth cohort were used. Information on EBF and BF was collected after childbirth (July 2015-June 2016) and during the follow-up visits at 1 and 6 months postpartum, 1, 2, and 5 years of age. For longitudinal analysis, the outcomes were EBF and BF duration. Probability of breastfeeding practices were estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Associations between baseline predictors variables and outcomes among children born at term were assessed by extended Cox regression models.

RESULTS: EBF frequencies (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) at 3 and 6 months of age were 33% (95%CI: 30.2-36.0) and 10.8% (95%CI: 8.9-12.9), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratio for predictors of early EBF cessation were: being a first-time mother = 1.47 (95%CI: 1.19-1.80), feeding newborns with prelacteals = 1.70 (95%CI: 1.23-2.36), pacifier use in the first week of life = 1.79 (95%CI: 1.44-2.23) or diarrhea in the first two weeks of life = 1.70 (95%CI: 1.15-2.52). Continued BF frequency was 67.9% (95%CI: 64.9-70.8), 29.3% (95%CI: 26.4-32.4), and 1.7% (95%CI: 0.9-2.8) at 1, 2 and 5 years of age, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratio for predictors of early BF cessation were: male sex = 1.23 (95%CI: 1.01-1.49), pacifier use in the first week of life = 4.66 (95%CI: 2.99-7.26), and EBF less than 3 months = 2.76 (95%CI: 1.64-4.66).

CONCLUSIONS: EBF and continued BF duration among Amazonian children is considerably shorter than recommendations from the World Health Organization. Significant predictors of breastfeeding practices should be considered for evaluating local strategies to achieve optimal breastfeeding practices.