Acute Myeloid Leukemia following Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Metastatic Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid.

Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is widely used and has an important role in the management of hyperthyroidism and thyroid malignancies. The development of acute or chronic leukemia is a very rare complication of RAI therapy. We report a case of metastatic Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) who underwent total thyroidectomy followed by treatment with a cumulative dose of 1600 mCi of RAI (for 4 years) and by palliative radiotherapy for L4 spinal metastasis, later on, developed acute myeloid leukemia. Thus, all patients with thyroid carcinoma treated with RAI should undergo periodic hematological examinations irrespective of RAI dose.