Improved Adherence to Best Practice Ventilation Management After Implementation of Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for United States Military Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATTs).

BACKGROUND: Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATTs) play a vital role in the transport and care of critically ill and injured patients in the combat theater to include mechanically ventilated patients. Previous research has demonstrated improved morbidity and mortality when lung protective ventilation strategies are used. Our previous study of CCATT trauma patients demonstrated frequent non-adherence to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (ARDSNet) protocol and a corresponding association with increased mortality. The goals of our study were to examine CCATT adherence with ARDSNet guidelines in non-trauma patients, compare the findings to our previous publication of CCATT trauma patients, and evaluate adherence before and after the publication of the CCATT Ventilator Management Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG).

METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of ventilated non-trauma patients who were evacuated out of theater by Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATT) between January 2007 and April 2015. Data abstractors collected flight information, oxygenation status, ventilator settings, procedures, and in-flight assessments. We calculated descriptive statistics to determine the frequency of compliance with the ARDSNet protocol before and after the CCATT Ventilator CPG publication and the association between ARDSNet protocol adherence and in-flight events.

RESULTS: We reviewed the charts of 124 mechanically ventilated patients transported out of theater via CCATT on volume control settings. Seventy percent (n = 87/124) of records were determined to be Non-Adherent to ARDSNet recommendations predominately due to excessive tidal volume settings and/or high FiO2 settings relative to the patient's positive end-expiratory pressure setting. The Non-Adherent group had a higher proportion of in-flight respiratory events. Compared to our previous study of ventilation guideline adherence in the trauma population, the Non-Trauma population had a higher rate of non-adherence to tidal volume and ARDSNet table recommendations (75.6% vs. 61.5%). After the CPG was rolled out, adherence improved from 24% to 41% (P = 0.0496).

CONCLUSIONS: CCATTs had low adherence with the ARDSNet guidelines in non-trauma patients transported out of the combat theater, but implementation of a Ventilator Management CPG was associated with improved adherence.