Comparison of a standard computer-assisted cognitive training program to a music enhanced program: A mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: Between 17 and 75% of breast cancer survivors (BCS) experience long-term cognitive deficits such as deficits in memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function.

AIMS: This study aimed to (a) compare effects of a standard computer-assisted cognitive training (CACT) program to a CACT program enhanced with music (CACT+A) to improve focus and concentration on BCS' memory, cognition, quality of life (QOL), and participation in everyday activities; and (b) garner participants' perspectives of effects of the programs to determine best practice.

METHODS: An embedded design was employed in this mixed methods study. Participants who reported cognitive problems were recruited through breast cancer support groups. Four pre and post-tests were used followed by a qualitative interview.

RESULTS: Twenty-five BCS, ages 31 to 72 years participated. The CACT group demonstrated significantly improved pre to post-test scores for working memory, QOL, and three subscales of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) measuring participation in everyday activities. The CACT+A group had significant improvement for four FACT-Cog cognitive function subscales and the total score. Five themes emerged from the interview: Cognitive skill, Strategy learned, No change, QOL factors, and Participation in everyday activities. The CACT+A group expressed experiencing a larger ratio of improvements, most notably for memory and QOL factors.

CONCLUSION: CACT+A is an auspicious intervention option for BCS who self-report cognitive issues. It is convenient to participate in at home and allows BCS to safely self-isolate if need be. This study is a registered clinical trial protocol: TexasWU record 19 959.