Acute malignant obstruction in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis: The role of palliative surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis who do not have curative treatment options often develop acute obstructive symptoms and when conservative management fails, surgical treatment is the remaining option. However, palliative surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality and the chance of success is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of palliative surgery and to provide guidance for surgeons, medical oncologists and patients in their decision-making.

METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent palliative surgery for acute obstruction caused by peritoneal carcinomatosis between January 2005 and October 2017 where identified.

RESULTS: In total 148 patients underwent surgery. Primary malignancy was colorectal cancer (28.4%), neuroendocrine tumor (20.3%), ovarian cancer (14.2%) or 'other' (37.2%). Median length of postoperative hospital stay was 16 days (IQR 9-24). More than half (58.1%) of the patients developed postoperative complications, 29.1% developed ≥2 complications. In-hospital mortality was 8.8%. Readmission (56.1%) and re-obstruction (35.0%) were common. Median overall survival was 119 days (IQR 48-420). Patients with a neuroendocrine tumor had a significantly better overall survival compared to other primary malignancies (p < 0.001). Patients who developed an obstruction during or within 6 months after treatment with chemotherapy had a worse overall survival (p < 0.001), compared to patients treated with chemotherapy longer than 6 months ago, or patients not treated with chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: Palliative surgery is associated with high rates of complications and readmission and re-obstruction are common. Comfort care is often a better option than surgery, especially in patients with disease progression under recent treatment with chemotherapy.